Gray's Anatomy For Students - The Head And Neck

Front 1

Obicularis Oculi:
Palpebral Part

Back 1

O: medial palpebral ligament
I: lateral palpebral ralphe
N: facial n. (VII)
A: closes the eyelid gently

Front 2

Obicularis Oculi:
Orbital Part

Back 2

O: frontal and maxilla bone and medial palpebral ligament
I: fibers from ellipse around orbit
N: facial n. (VII)
A: closes the eyelid forcefully

Front 3

Corrugator Supercilii

Back 3

O: superciliary arch
I: medial eyebrow
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws eyebrows medially and downward

Front 4

Nasalis:
Transverse Part

Back 4

O: maxilla lateral to nose
I: dorsum of nose
N: facial n. (VII)
A: compresses nasal aperture

Front 5

Nasalis:
Alar Part

Back 5

O: maxilla over lateral incisor
I: alar cartilage of nose
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws cartilage laterally and downward to open nostril

Front 6

Procerus

Back 6

O: nasal bone
I: between eyebrows
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws down medial angle of eyebrows (wrinkles over nose)

Front 7

Depressor Septi

Back 7

O: maxilla above medial incisor
I: nasal septum
N: facial n. (VII)
A: pulls nose inferiorly

Front 8

Depressor Anguli Oris

Back 8

O: mandible below canine, premolar, and molar teeth
I: skin at corner of mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws corner of mouth down and laterally

Front 9

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Back 9

O: anterior mandible
I: lower lip at midline
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws lower lip downward and laterally

Front 10

Mentalis

Back 10

O: mandible inferior to incisor teeth
I: skin of chin
N: facial n. (VII)
A: raises and protrudes lower lip and wrinkles skin on chin

Front 11

Risorius

Back 11

O: fascia over masseter muscle
I: skin at corner of mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: retracts corner of mouth

Front 12

Zygomaticus Major

Back 12

O: posterior zygomatic bone
I: skin at corner of mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws corner of mouth upward and laterally

Front 13

Zygomaticus Minor

Back 13

O: anterior lateral zygomatic bone
I: upper lip medial to corner of mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws upper lip upward

Front 14

Levator Labii Superiorus

Back 14

O: infra-orbital maxilla
I: skin of upper lateral lip
N: facial n. (VII)
A: raises upper lip; nasolabial furrow

Front 15

Levator Labii superioris alaeque nasi

Back 15

O: frontal process of maxilla
I: alar cartilage of nose and upper lip
N: facial n. (VII)
A: raises upper lip and opens nostril

Front 16

Levator anguli oris

Back 16

O: maxilla below infra-orbital foramen
I: skin at corner of mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: raises corner of mouth; nasolabial furrow

Front 17

Orbicularis Oris

Back 17

O: maxilla and mandible in midline
I: forms ellipse around mouth
N: facial n. (VII)
A: closes, protrudes mouth

Front 18

Buccinator

Back 18

O: post maxilla and mandible
I: blends with orbicularis oris
N: facial n. (VII)
A: cheek against teeth

Front 19

Anterior auricular

Back 19

O: anterior temporal fascia
I: helix of ear
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws ear upward and forward

Front 20

superior auricular

Back 20

O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: upper auricle
N: facial n. (VII)
A: elevates ear

Front 21

posterior auricular

Back 21

O: mastoid process
I: concha of ear
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws ear upward and backward

Front 22

Occipitofrontalis:
Frontal Belly

Back 22

O: skin of eyebrows
I: galea aponeurotica
N: facial n. (VII)
A: wrinkles forehead; raises eyebrows

Front 23

Occipitofrontalis: Occipital Belly

Back 23

O: superior nuchal line/mastoid process
I: galea aponeurotica
N: facial n. (VII)
A: draws scalp backward

Front 24

levator palpebrae superiorus

Back 24

O: lesser wing of sphenoid bone
I: anterior tarsal plate
N: oculomotor n. (III)-sup branch
A: elevation of upper eyelid

Front 25

superior rectus

Back 25

O: superior common tendinous ring
I: anterior superior eyeball
N: oculomotor n. (III)-sup branch
A: elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball

Front 26

inferior rectus

Back 26

O: inferior common tendinous ring
I: anterior inferior eyeball
N: oculomotor n. (III)-inferior branch
A: depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball

Front 27

medial rectus

Back 27

O: medial common tendinous ring
I: anterior medial eyeball
N: oculomotor n. (III)-inferior branch
A: adduction of eyeball

Front 28

lateral rectus

Back 28

O: lateral common tendinous ring
I: anterior lateral eyeball
N: abducent n. (VI)
A: abduction of eyeball

Front 29

superior oblique

Back 29

O: body of sphenoid
I: outer posterior quadrant eyeball
N: trochlear n. (IV)
A: depression, abduction, medial rotation of eyeball

Front 30

inferior oblique

Back 30

O: medial floor of orbit and maxilla
I: outer posterior quadrant of eyeball
N: oculomotor n. (III) - inferior branch
A: elevation, abduction, lateral rotation of eyeball

Front 31

tensor tympani

Back 31

O: pharyngotympanic tube, greater wing of sphenoid
I: upper part of handle of malleus
N: mandibular n. (V3)
A: pulls handle of malleus medially to reduce vibrations from loud noise

Front 32

stapedius

Back 32

O: inside of pyramidal eminence
I: neck of stapes
N: facial n. (VII)
A: pulls stapes posteriorly to reduce oscillation

Front 33

masseter

Back 33

O: zygomatic arch and maxillary process
I: lateral ramus of mandible
N: mandibular n. (V3)
A: elevation of mandible

Front 34

temporalis

Back 34

O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process of mandible
N: mandibular n. (V3)
A: elevation and retraction of mandible

Front 35

medial pterygoid

Back 35

O: deep-medial pterygoid, superficial-pyramidal process of maxilla
I: medial mandible near angle
N: nerve to medial pterygoid from V3
A: elevation and side to side movement of mandible

Front 36

lateral pterygoid

Back 36

O: upper head-infratemporal fossa, lower head-lateral pterygoid process
I: capsule of TMJ
N: nerve to lateral pterygoid from V3
A: protrusion and side to side movement of mandible

Front 37

stylohyoid

Back 37

O: styloid process
I: hyoid bone
N: facial n. (VII)
A: pulls hyoid upward and posterosuperior

Front 38

Digastric:
Anterior belly

Back 38

O: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon
N: mylohyoid n. from V3
A: opens mouth by lowering mandible, raises hyoid bone

Front 39

Digastric:
Posterior Belly

Back 39

O: mastoid process
I: intermediate tendon
N: facial n. (VII)
A: pulls hyoid bone up and back

Front 40

Mylohyoid

Back 40

O: mylohyoid bone on mandible
I: hyoid bone
N: mylohyoid n. from V3
A: support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid

Front 41

geniohyoid

Back 41

O: mandible
I: anterior hyoid
N: anterior ramus of C1
A: fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward; fixed hyoid pulls mandible downward and inward

Front 42

sternohyoid

Back 42

O: manubrium of sternum
I: hyoid bone
N: anterior rami of C1 to C3
A: depresses hyoid bone and swallowing

Front 43

Omohyoid

Back 43

O: superior border of scapula
I: lower hyoid bone
N: anterior rami of C1 to C3
A: depresses and fixes hyoid bone

Front 44

Thyrohyoid

Back 44

O: thyroid cartilage
I: greater horn of hyoid bone
N: anterior ramus of C1
A: depresses hyoid bone and raises larynx

Front 45

Sternothyroid

Back 45

O: posterior surface of manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
N: anterior rami of C1 to C3
A: draws larynx downward

Front 46

Sternocleidomastoid:
Sternal head

Back 46

O: manubrium
I: superior nuchal line
N: accessory n. and C2-4
A: draw head forwards or tilt head to same side

Front 47

Sternocleidomastoid:
Clavicular Head

Back 47

O: superior clavicle
I: lateral mastoid process
N: accessory n. and C2-4
A: draw head forwards or tilt head to same side

Front 48

Trapezius

Back 48

O: e.o.p., ligamentum nuchae and C7-T12
I: spine, acromion and clavicle
N: accessory n.
A: elevate, retract, and depress scapula

Front 49

Splenius Capitis

Back 49

O: spinous process of CVII to TIV
I: mastoid process
N: posterior rami of middle cervical n.
A: draw head back or tilt to same side

Front 50

Levator Scapulae

Back 50

O: transverse process of C1 to C4
I: upper medial scapula
N: C3,4 and dorsal scapular n.
A: elevates scapula

Front 51

Posterior Scalene

Back 51

O: transverse processes of CIV to CVI
I: upper surface of rib II
N: anterior rami of C5 to C7
A: elevation of rib II

Front 52

Middle Scalene

Back 52

O: transverse processes of CII to CVII
I: upper surface of rib I
N: anterior rami of C3-7
A: elevation of rib I

Front 53

Anterior Scalene

Back 53

O: transverse processes of CIII-VI
I: upper surface of rib I
N: ant rami of C4 to C7
A: elevation of rib I

Front 54

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Back 54

O: atlas
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: ant rami C1-2
A: flexes head at atlanto-occitipal joint

Front 55

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Back 55

O: atlas
I: jugular process of occipital bone
N: ant rami C1-2
A: flexes head laterally to same side

Front 56

Longus Colli:
Superior Oblique Part

Back 56

O: transverse processes CIII to CV
I: anterior arch of atlas
N: ant rami C2-6
A: flexes neck anteriorly and laterally and slight rotation to opposite side

Front 57

Longus Colli:
Inferior Oblique Part

Back 57

O: TI and TII
I: transverse processes of CV and CVI
N: C2-6
A: flexes neck anteriorly and laterally and slight rotation to opposite side

Front 58

Longus Colli:
Vertical Part

Back 58

O: TI to TIII and CV to CVII
I: CII to CIV
N: C2-6
A: flexes neck anteriorly and laterally and slight rotation to opposite side

Front 59

Longus Capitis

Back 59

O: transverse processes of CIII to CVI
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: C1 to C3
A: flexes the head

Front 60

Stlopharyngeus

Back 60

O: stylod process
I: pharyngeal wall
N: glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
A: elevation of pharynx

Front 61

salpingopharyngeus

Back 61

O: pharygotympanic tube
I: pharyngeal wall
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevates pharynx

Front 62

palatopharyngeus

Back 62

O: palatine aponeurosis
I: pharyngeal wall
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevation of pharynx; closure of oropharyngeal isthmus

Front 63

Superior longitudinal

Back 63

O: median septum of tongue
I: mucosa on margins of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: shortens tongue and curls apex and sides of tongue

Front 64

Inferior Longitudinal

Back 64

O: root of tongue
I: apex of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: shortens tongue; uncurls apex and turns it downward

Front 65

Transverse

Back 65

O: median septum of tongue
I: lateral margins of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: narrows and elongates tongue

Front 66

Vertical

Back 66

O: dorsum of tongue
I: ventral regions of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: flattens and widens tongue

Front 67

Genioglossus

Back 67

O: superior mental tubercles
I: body of hyoid and length of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: protrudes and depresses center of tongue

Front 68

Hyoglossus

Back 68

O: hyoid bone
I: lateral surface of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: depresses tongue

Front 69

Styloglossus

Back 69

O: styloid process
I: lateral surface of tongue
N: hypoglossal n. (XII)
A: elevates and retracts tongue

Front 70

Palatoglossus

Back 70

O: palatine aponeurosis
I: lateral margin of tongue
N: vagus n. (X)
A: depresses palate, elevates back of tongue

Front 71

Tensor veli palatini

Back 71

O: sphenoid bone
I: palatine aponeurosis
N: mandibular n. (V3)
A: tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube

Front 72

Levator veli palatini

Back 72

O: anterior to opening for carotid canal (temporal)
I: palatine aponeurosis
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevate soft plate above neutral position

Front 73

Palatopharyngeus

Back 73

O: sup palatine aponeurosis
I: pharyngeal wall
N: vagus n. (X)
A: depresses soft palate, elevates pharynx

Front 74

Palatoglossus

Back 74

O: inferior palatine aponeurosis
I: lateral margin of tongue
N: vagus n. (X)
A: depresses palate; elevates back of tongue

Front 75

Musculus Uvulae

Back 75

O: posterior nasal spine of hard palate
I: connective tissue of uvula
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevates and retracts uvula; thickens central region of soft palate

Front 76

Tensor veli palatini

Back 76

O: sphenoid bone
I: palatine aponeurosis
N: mandibular n. (V3)
A: tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube

Front 77

Levator veli palatini

Back 77

O: anterior to opening for carotid canal (temporal)
I: palatine aponeurosis
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevate soft plate above neutral position

Front 78

Palatopharyngeus

Back 78

O: sup palatine aponeurosis
I: pharyngeal wall
N: vagus n. (X)
A: depresses soft palate, elevates pharynx

Front 79

Palatoglossus

Back 79

O: inferior palatine aponeurosis
I: lateral margin of tongue
N: vagus n. (X)
A: depresses palate; elevates back of tongue

Front 80

Musculus Uvulae

Back 80

O: posterior nasal spine of hard palate
I: connective tissue of uvula
N: vagus n. (X)
A: elevates and retracts uvula; thickens central region of soft palate