Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Localised electrons |
electrons which are shared between two atoms |
|
|
Retention time |
the time taken for the component to pass from the inlet to the detector (from injection to detection) |
|
|
alpha amino acid |
the cooh and nh2 groups are bonded to the same carbon atom |
|
|
electrophile |
an electron pair acceptor |
|
|
stereoisomers |
compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space |
|
|
hydrolysis |
the chemical breakdown of a substance by reaction with water |
|
|
isoelectric point |
the pH at which an amino acid exists as a zwitterion |
|
|
optical isomers |
stereoisomers which are non superimposable mirror images of eachother |
|
|
Chiral centre |
A carbon atom with four DIFFERENT group/atoms attached |
|
|
delocalised electrons |
electrons which are shared between more than two atoms |
|
|
functional group |
the part of an organic molecule that is responsible for its reactions (chemical properties) |
|
|
condensation reaction |
a reaction where two smaller molecules react to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such as water |
|
|
Rf value |
the distance travelled by a component divided by the distance travelled by the solvent |
|
|
Adsorption |
the process by which a molecule binds to the surface of a solid by formation of weak bonds |
|
|
zwitterion |
a dipolar yet neutral species formed when the h+ ion from the COOH of an amino acid is donated to the NH2 |
|
|
nucleophile |
an electron pair donor |
|
|
benzene to nitrobenzene |
conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, 55^C |
|
|
benzene to chlorobenzene |
chlorine, either AlCl3 or FeCl3 catalyst |
|
|
benzene to bromobenzene |
Bromine, ArBr3 or FeBr3 catalyst |
|
|
nitrobenzene to phenylamine |
Tin, conc HCl, reflux |
|
|
Phenylamine to phenyldiazonium chloride |
HCl, HNO2, below 10^C |
|
|
Phenyldiazonium chloride to azo dye |
phenol, aq Naoh |
|
|
Phenol to sodium phenoxide + hydrogen |
sodium |
|
|
Phenol to sodium phenoxide + water |
NaOH |
|
|
Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol |
bromine |
|
|
ester to carboxyllic acid + alcohol |
aq acid, reflux |
|
|
ester to carboxylate salt + alcohol |
aq alkali, reflux |
|
|
ketone to secondary alcohol |
NaBH4, heat |
|
|
aldehyde to primary alcohol |
Nabh4, heat |
|
|
halogenoalkane to primary amine |
excess ammonia, ethanol solvent |
|
|
alcohol to ester + carboxyllic acid |
acid anhydride |
|
|
alcohol to ester + water |
carboxyllic acid, reflux, conc h3so4 catalyst |
|
|
polyunsaturated fatty acid to monounsaturated fatty acid |
h2, 150^c , nickel catalyst |
|
|
aldehyde to carboxyllic acid |
k2cr2o7/h+ reflux or AgNo3/nh3 (tollens reagent) and heat |
