Essentials Of Psychology: Concepts And Applications Chapter 10

Front 1

Health Psychology

Back 1

the study of interrelationships between psychology and physical health

Front 2

Stress

Back 2

pressures or demands placed upon an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment

Front 3

Distress

Back 3

an unpleasant state of physical or mental pain or suffering; anxiety, depression, anger, irritability, headache, fatigue, upset stomach, cardiovascular disorders

Front 4

Hassles

Back 4

annoyances we commonly experience in our daily lives

Front 5

Chronic Stress

Back 5

state of persistent tension or pressure that can lead us to feel exhausted, irritable, and depressed

Front 6

Life Events

Back 6

major changes in life circumstances; e.g. job termination, promotion

Front 7

Frustration

Back 7

negative emotional state that occurs when our efforts to pursue our goals are blocked

Front 8

Conflict

Back 8

state of tension resulting from the presence of two or more competing goals or response tendencies that demand resolution; results in vacillation between goals

Front 9

Types of Conflicts

Back 9

approach-approach; avoidance-avoidance; approach-avoidance; multiple approach-avoidance

Front 10

Traumatic Stressors

Back 10

potentially life-threatening events

Front 11

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Back 11

lingering problems with adjustment after trauma; avoidance of associated cues; reexperiencing through memories, dreams, flashbacks; impaired functioning via depression/anxiety; heightened arousal; emotional numbing (less than 10% of trauma victims)

Front 12

Type A Behavior Pattern

Back 12

hard driving, competitive, impatient, ambitious

Front 13

Acculturative Stress

Back 13

pressure of adapting to differences in values, linguistic preferences, customs

Front 14

General Adaptation Syndrome

Back 14

three stages of stress response to persistent stress;

Front 15

Alarm Stage

Back 15

body's first stage of response to a stressor; e.g. heart rate increase

Front 16

Fight or Flight Response

Back 16

biological changes that prepare the body to deal with a threat by either fighting it off or fleeing from it; can be triggered by legitimate physical attack or psychological perceived threat

Front 17

Resistance Stage

Back 17

also adaptation, body attempts to return to normal biological state by restoring spent energy and repairing damage; maintained bodily arousal may be accompanied by anger, fatigue and irritability

Front 18

Exhaustion Stage

Back 18

heart rate and respiration decrease; adaptation diseases - kidney, heart disease, allergic conditions, digestive disorders, depression

Front 19

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Back 19

stress -> hypothalamus=>corticotrophin-releasing hormone-> pituitary gland=>adrenocorticotrophic hormone -> adrenal glands/cortex(above kidneys)=>corticosteroids -> make stored nutrients more available

Front 20

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Back 20

integrated system of endocrine glands involved in body's response to stress

Front 21

Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone

Back 21

released by hypothalamus that induces pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Front 22

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

Back 22

pituitary hormone that actives the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids

Front 23

Adrenal Glands

Back 23

pair of endocrine glands just above kidneys; produce stress related hormones

Front 24

Adrenal Cortex

Back 24

outer layer of gland that secretes corticosteroids

Front 25

Corticosteroids

Back 25

hormones that help the body resist stress by making stored nutrients more available to meet potential demands for energy during stressful events

Front 26

Adrenal Medulla

Back 26

inner layer of gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine that make heart pump faster

Front 27

Lymphocytes

Back 27

circulate through body looking for antigens

Front 28

Antigen

Back 28

any substance recognized as foreign to the body, e.g. bacterium, virus, foreign protein, cancerous body cell; activate the immune system to produce antibodies

Front 29

Antibodies

Back 29

specialized protein molecules that fit invading antigens and mark them for destruction through special lymphocytes