Epsc 221: Structural Geology

Front 1

The __________ is the compass direction of a horizontal line along the fold axis.

Back 1

Strike

Front 2

The ___________ is the angle of a plane bellow the horizontal.

Back 2

Dip

Front 3

___________ is a deforming force applied to an area. It can be tension, __________ or ____________.

Back 3

1. Stress

2. Shear or compression

Front 4

____________ is a unit-less result of an applied stress or force.

Back 4

Strain

Front 5

__________ stress pushes a material together.

Back 5

Compressive

Front 6

___________ stress pushes material apart.

Back 6

Tensile

Front 7

___________ stress twists a material apart.

Back 7

Shear

Front 8

When a material changes from its original state it is called _________________.

Back 8

deformation

Front 9

There are three types of deformation: ____________, _____________ and _____________.

Back 9

Elastic, Ductile and Brittle.

Front 10

___________ deformation is a temporary shape change.

Back 10

Elastic

Front 11

__________ deformation is a permanent shape change with continuity.

Back 11

Ductile

Front 12

_____________ deformation is a permanent change of shape with continuity loss. (breakage)

Back 12

Brittle

Front 13

Deformation of a material depends on ____________, _____________, ____________ and strain rate.

Back 13

temperature, pressure and composition.

Front 14

What type of deformation is generally associated with deep crustal levels? ( High T and P)

Back 14

Ductile

Front 15

What type of deformation is generally associated with shallow crustal level? (Low T and P)

Back 15

Brittle

Front 16

________________ are ductile, wave-lie deformations produced mostly through compression, sometimes through shear.

Back 16

Folds

Front 17

An ________________ is an upward-arching fold.

Back 17

Anticline

Front 18

A _______________ is a downward-arching fold.

Back 18

Syncline

Front 19

The ___________ are the two sides of a fold.

Back 19

limbs

Front 20

The _____ _________ is the line separating the limbs of a fold.

Back 20

fold axis

Front 21

Limbs can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, and _______________ is when a limb is titled past vertical.

Back 21

Overturned.

Front 22

________________ is used to describe a fold axis that is not horizontal.

Back 22

Plunging

Front 23

In domes the oldest rocks are found in the center or on the outside?

Back 23

Center

Front 24

In basins the oldest rocks are found in the center or on the outside?

Back 24

Outside

Front 25

A ____________ is a fracture in the crust associated with movement of one side relative to the other.

Back 25

Fault.

Front 26

A ________-________ fault involves vertical displacement.

Back 26

Dip-slip

Front 27

In a normal dip-slip fault, the hanging wall moves _________, causing an extension.

Back 27

down

Front 28

In a reverse dip-slip fault, the hanging wall moves _______, causing a shortening.

Back 28

up

Front 29

A thrust dip-slip fault is simply a ___________ dip-slip fault with a low angle, still causing a shortening.

Back 29

reverse

Front 30

A ______________, also known as a rift valley, is a pair of normal dip-slip faults with the central block moved down.

Back 30

Graben

Front 31

A _____________ is a pair of normal dip-slip faults with the central block move up.

Back 31

Horst

Front 32

A strike-slip fault, also known as a ____________ fault, involves horizontal movement left or right.

Back 32

transform

Front 33

__________ and fractures often critically influence rock strength, hydrocarbon traps and permeability.

Back 33

Joints