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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reasons for the patterns of growth
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Biotic potential exceeds environmental resistance: birth rates exceed death rates
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humans added to the earth each hour
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9,000
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Reasons for the Human Population Explosion
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Causes of disease recognized
-Improvements in nutrition -Discovery of antibiotics -Improvements in medicine -Increase in number of women who actually reach child-bearing age -Short doubling times in some countries |
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Average Number of Children, Grandchildren, and Great Grandchildren
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America -14
Germany -5 Africa -258 |
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High-income, highly developed, industrialized countries
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United States, Japan, Canada
Average GNI per capita = $26,710 |
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Middle-income, moderately developing countries
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Latin America, South Africa, China?
Average GNI per capita = $1,850 |
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Low-income, developing countries
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Western and central Africa, India, central Asia
Average GNI per capita = $430 |
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Developed countries
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16% of the world’s population
Control 81% of the world’s wealth |
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Low-income developing countries
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41% of the world’s population
Control 3.4% of the world’s gross national income |
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Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries
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The HPI was developed by the UN to illustrate the disproportionate distribution of
wealth between and within countries. The HPI indicates 10%-15% of people in developed and ~45% of those in developing countries are poor. |
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Human pressure on the environment caused by three factors
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Population size
Affluence Technology |
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environmental misuse
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Developing countries sustaining a high fertility rate coupled
with developed countries placing a disproportionate demand on natural resources results in |
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Global Conditions for a Sustainable Population. What do we do to offset this dilemma?
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-Lower fertility rates (stabilize population)
-Consumption must decrease -Protect the environment (stewardly action must increase) |
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Basic Human Needs
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Drinkable Water
Edible Food Safe Housing Health Care An Education A Job |
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What are the impacts of rapid growth on a population that
is largely engaged in subsistence agriculture? There are 6 scenarios, all of which are seen: |
-Reform the system of land ownership where land is handed down to family members causing smaller and smaller plots
-Intensify cultivation of existing land to increase production per unit area; soil overused and soil deteriorates -Open new land to farm be burning/deforestation -Move to cities and seek employment -Engage in illicit activities for income -Move to other countries |
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Consequences of Exploding Populations
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deforestation
resource depletion loss of agricultural land biodiversity disease pest resistance wetlands |
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Affluence in the United States
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Consume the largest share of 11 of 20 major commodities (Al, coffee, Cu, Pb, Oil,
oilseeds, natural gas, rubber, Zn, Tin/Sn) Eat more than three times the global average in meat Lead the world in paper consumption (725 lbs per person per year!) GOOD: Environment improves with increasing affluence as quality of drinking water, sewage treatment, and refuse collection increase; we are able to pay for conservation/management of environmental resources |
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Affluence in the United States
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BAD:
We lead world in production of pollutants Enables wealthy to clean up immediate environment by transferring waste (pollutants) to more distant locations. Affluent isolate themselves and unaware of the environmental stresses caused by their consumptive lifestyles. |
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population profile
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a bar graph showing the number or proportion of people (males to females)
at each age for a given population can show the historical events such as the Great Depression, Baby Boom after WWII, etc. It can also be used to predict the various demands for goods and services by different age cohorts in the future. |
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Calculating Fertility Rates and Doubling Times
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(CBR – CDR)/10 = Rate of increase or decrease
in population per 1,000 per year 70 / Rate of Increase = Doubling Time |
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A stable population is only produced if, and only if
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the CBR and CDR are =
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Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries
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1. a long healthy life 2. Knowledge 3. standard of living
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