Earth Science Quiz 3 Unit 2

Front 1

Earthquakes occur because of ______.

Back 1

plate tectonics

Front 2

The first seismic waves to reach seismograph stations move in a push-and-pull motion. They are called _____.

Back 2

primary waves

Front 3

After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.

Back 3

aftershocks

Front 4

Surface waves cause the most damage, but they are ironically called _____.

Back 4

love waves

Front 5

How did the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake cause so much damage if it occurred in the middle of the Indian Ocean?

Back 5

The earthquake caused a tsunami which caused destruction.

Front 6

Where a major earthquake has happened in the past, but not in a while, is called a seismic _____.

Back 6

gap

Front 7

With the help of three seismograph stations, the epicenter of an earthquake can be located by a process called _____.

Back 7

triangulation

Front 8

Which scale measures the amount of damage after an earthquake?

Back 8

Mercalli Intensity scale

Front 9

Broad areas of folded rock layers that resemble an upside-down bowl are called _____.

Back 9

domes

Front 10

Broad areas of folded rock layers that resemble a bowl turned right-side up are called _____.

Back 10

basins

Front 11

Mountains produced by tensional stress, like the Teton Range in Wyoming, are called _____.

Back 11

fault-block mountains

Front 12

Mountains that have developed because of compressional stress—colliding plates that force rock layers upward—are called _____.

Back 12

folded mountains

Front 13

Deep within the earth, the process of mantle _______ drives plate tectonics.

Back 13

convection

Front 14

To measure the strength of an earthquake, you can use either a ______ scale or ______ scale.

Back 14

richter, moment magnitude

Front 15

Rock layers are pressed under compressional stress

Back 15

Reverse fault

Front 16

Rock layers are pressed under tensional stress

Back 16

normal fault

Front 17

rock layers are pressed under shear stress

Back 17

strike-slip fault

Front 18

Hanging wall has dropped relative to the footwall

Back 18

normal fault

Front 19

Haning wall has risen relative to the footwall

Back 19

reverse fault

Front 20

With today's advanced technology, scientists are able to predict when an earthquake will occur. t/f

Back 20

false

Front 21

Scientists can identify where earthquakes will most likely occur. t/f

Back 21

true

Front 22

The Richter scale measures strength while the Mercalli intensity scale measures the effects of an earthquake. Another difference between the Richter scale and the Mercalli intensity scale is _____.

Back 22

the Richter scale provides a single measurement while the Mercalli intensity scale can produce multiple measurements depending on the area affected

Front 23

What helps form volcanoes? (3)

Back 23

plate tectonics, cracks in earth's crust, and built up magma

Front 24

The Pacific plate collides with and is subducted under four other crustal plates. The area where this happens has lots of volcanic activity. This area is called the _____.

Back 24

Ring of fire

Front 25

Which of the following are beneficial products of volcanic activity?

Back 25

the hawaiian island, the fertile soil, geothermal energy

Front 26

A volcano with basaltic magma would probably _____.

Back 26

erupt with a gradual flow

Front 27

Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea are the tallest volcanic mountains on Earth. They have broad, shallow slopes. What kind of volcanoes are they?

Back 27

shield

Front 28

If you look up at the Mayon volcano in the Philippines, you'll notice a very tall, steep, and sleek cone. Apparently, this volcano erupted very violently in the past, spewing out both lava and volcanic rock material. The Mayon is a _____.

Back 28

composite

Front 29

Mount Paricutin in Mexico is known for its explosive eruptions. It isn't very tall because it's made mostly of volcanic rock and ash that easily erode. Mount Paricutin is a _____.

Back 29

cinder cone

Front 30

This feature occurs in an area where water is heated under ground to the point of boiling. When the water and steam build, they finally rise through a vent on the surface, spraying water and steam high up into the air. This feature is a _____.

Back 30

geyser

Front 31

Naturally hot water containing many minerals and found on the surface of the earth is called a _____.

Back 31

hot spring

Front 32

A natural disaster produced by volcanic activity that has killed more people than lava flows is _____.

Back 32

a landslide or mudslide

Front 33

To living organisms, the most dangerous debris from tephra is probably _____, because it spreads so widely.

Back 33

volcanic ash

Front 34

Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted and caused the "Year without a Summer." Over 100,000 people died from starvation because of the resulting _____.

Back 34

climate change

Front 35

What are warning signs of a volcanic eruption? (3)

Back 35

the temperature of a volcano has risen significantly, theres an increase in seismic activity near the volcano, smoke plumes are rising out of the crater

Front 36

A tiltmeter is a volcanic monitoring tool that measures _____.

Back 36

ground swelling

Front 37

If you had to measure the amount of sulfur dioxide coming out of a volcano, what instrument would you use?

Back 37

correlation spectrometer

Front 38

What are some geological features of volcanic activity? (4)

Back 38

intrusive and extrusive igneous rock, volcanic necks, flood basalt plateaus, calderas and craters

Front 39

_____ are geological features created by rhyolitic magma. Rhyolitic magma promotes _____ eruptions.

Back 39

lava domes, plinian

Front 40

_____ magma is a mix between basaltic and rhyolitic magma. The eruption that would most likely result from this magma is a _____ eruption.

Back 40

andesitic, strombolian

Front 41

As for earthquakes, ___ can be used to monitor tremor activity of volcanoes.

Back 41

seismograph

Front 42

Plinian eruptions are the most powerful type of eruption. They are usually caused by _____ magma.

Back 42

rhyolitic

Front 43

A volcanic eruption can be predicted. t/f

Back 43

true

Front 44

someone who creates maps

Back 44

cartographer

Front 45

You can tell what type of rock is in an area and its age range by reviewing the area's color and _____ and comparing it to information given in the legend.

Back 45

letters

Front 46

he distance between contour lines of elevation

Back 46

contour interval

Front 47

lines of equal elevation that display height, shape, and steepness of ground features

Back 47

contour lines

Front 48

teeth-like marks on contour lines that indicate a depression or sunken area

Back 48

hachure marks

Front 49

also known as a contour map; shows shape, steepness, and height of ground features by using contour lines

Back 49

topographical map

Front 50

Where a contour line crosses a river, it makes a V shape. The open side or mouth of the V indicates _____.

Back 50

downstream

Front 51

Topographic maps represent an area's physical features by describing _____.

Back 51

shape, elevation, and steepness of features

Front 52

The upstream of a river can be determined by _____.

Back 52

the direction of the points of the V shapes on contour lines

Front 53

The capital letter(s) that label a rock unit (e.g., KJk) on a geologic map represents the rock unit's _____.

Back 53

age range

Front 54

Hachure lines, or lines with teeth, describe _____.

Back 54

depressions

Front 55

Any place inside a hachure line is a _____ elevation than the hachure line.

Back 55

lower

Front 56

remember less than 2750 feet

Back 56

okey