Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The developmental transition between childhood major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. |
Adolescence |
|
|
Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce. |
Puberty |
|
|
The maturation of the adrenal glands and secretion of androgens. - Age 6 - Age 8 - dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) |
Andrenarche |
|
|
The maturation of the sex organs -- testes and ovaries. Stimulates growth of the secondary sex characteristics. |
Gonadarche |
|
|
Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence. |
Primary Sex Characteristics |
|
|
Physiological signs of sexual maturation that do not involve the sex organs. |
Secondary Sex Characteristics |
|
|
Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity. |
Adolescent Growth Spurt |
|
|
Boy's first ejaculation; usually at age 13. |
Spermarche |
|
|
An involuntary ejaculation of semen. |
Nocturnal Emission |
|
|
A monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the womb. |
Menstruation |
|
|
Girl's first menstruation. |
Menarche |
|
|
Trend that can be seen only by observing several generations. |
Secular Trend |
|
|
Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance. |
Body Image |
|
|
Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. |
Anorexia Nervosa |
|
|
Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
Bulimia Nervosa |
|
|
Eating disorder in which a person loses control over eating and binges huge quantities of food. |
Binge Eating Disorder |
|
|
Repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs. |
Substance Abuse |
|
|
Addiction (physical, psychological, or both) to a harmful substance. |
Substance Dependence |
|
|
Consuming 5 or more drinks (men), 4 or more drinks (women) on one occasion. |
Binge Drinking |
|
|
Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly. |
Formal Operations |
|
|
Piaget's term for the ability, accompanying the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses. |
Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning |
|
|
Kohlberg's Levels and Stages of Morality |
Level 1: Preconventional Morality - Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience - Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Level 2: Conventional Morality - Stage 3: Good Boy - Good Girl - Stage 4: Law and Order
Level 3: Postconventional Morality - Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation - Stage 6: Universal Ethics Principle |
|
|
The first level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which control is external and rules and obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment or out of self interest. |
Preconventional Morality |
|
|
The second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority figures are internalized. |
Conventional Morality |
|
|
The third level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards. |
Postconventional Morality |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience |
Children obey rules to avoid punishment |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation |
Children conform to rules out of self-interest and consideration for what others can do for them. |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 3: Good Girl - Good Boy |
Children want to please and help others, judge the intentions of others, and develop their own ideas of what a good person is. |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 4: Law and Order |
People are concerned with doing their duty, showing respect for higher authority, and maintaining the social order. |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation |
People think in rational terms, valuing the will of the majority and the welfare of society. Laws are essential, but not rigid. |
|
|
Kohlberg's Morality Stage 6: Universal Ethics Principle |
People do what they think is right, regardless of legal restrictions or the opinions of others. They act in accordance with internalized standards. |
|
|
Carol Giligan's Theory of Morality |
Males - values fairness and justice. Females - values caring and avoiding harm |
|
|
According to Erickson, a coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is solidly committed. |
Identity |
|
|
Erickson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role they play in society.
Virtue: Love Core Pathology: Role Repudiation |
Identity vs. Role Confusion |
|
|
Sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging that results from the successful resolution of Erickson's identity versus identity confusion" psychosocial stage of development. |
Fidelity |
|
|
Erickson's term for a relatively long period of time during which young people begin to take on adult responsibilities but are not fully independent; allowed young people the opportunity to search for commitments to which they could be faithful. |
Psychosocial Moratorium |
|
|
Marcia's for the period of conscious decision making related to identity formation |
Crisis |
|
|
Marcia's term for personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs. |
Commitment |
|
|
Identity status, described by MArcia, that is characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spent in exploring alternatives. crisis > overcome > commitment |
Identity Achievement |
|
|
Identity Status, described by Marcia, in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for their life. - crisis, + commitment |
Identity Foreclosure |
|
|
Identity Status, described by Marcia, in which a person is currently considering alternatives and seems headed to commitment. + crisis, - commitment (not yet) |
Identity Moratorium |
|
|
Identity status, described by Marcia, that is characterized by the absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives - crisis, - commitment |
Identity Diffusion |
|
|
Parental practices that teach children about their racial.ethnic heritage and promote cultural practices and cultural pride. |
Cultural Socialization |
|
|
The identification involved with a particular ethnicity through values, diet gender roles, language, clothing, etc. |
Ethnic Identity |
|
|
Pattern of emotional turmoil, characteristic of a minority of adolescents, that may involve conflict with family, alienation from adult society, reckless behavior, and rejection of adult values. |
Adolescent Rebellion |
|
|
The adolescent's struggle for autonomy and personal identity. |
Individuation |
|
|
Acquired factual knowledge stored in long-term memory. |
Declarative Knowledge |
|
|
Acquired skills stored in long-term memory. |
Procedural Knowledge |
|
|
Acquired interpretative understandings stored in long-term memory. |
Conceptual Knowledge |
|
|
Seeing oneself as a sexual being, recognizing one's sexual orientation, coming to terms, and forming romantic or sexual attachments. |
Sexual Identity |
|
|
Focus of consistent sexual, romantic, and affectionate interest; heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual. |
Sexual Orientation |
|
|
Parental Influence on Adolescence |
- authoritative parenting is associated with the most positive outcomes. |
|
|
Family Effects on Adolescence |
- effects vary based on economic resources, the quality of home environment, and how closely parents monitor adolescents' whereabouts. |
