Chapter 11, Adolescence

Front 1

Explain the term puberty and its relationship to adolescence

Back 1

when a person becomes able to reproduce sexually. It spans 11-20 years of age.

Front 2

Relate the theories of Havighurst, Erikson and Piaget to adolescent growth and development.

Back 2

According to Havighurst, the ultimate task of adolescence is to "grow up." The tasks of adolescence ultimately involve achieving independence from parental domination and accepting individual responsibility for oneself. An adolescent slowly becomes emancipated from parental ties by achieving intellectual, emotional, and economic independence. Adolescents must develop positive concepts of self-identity, self-respect, and self-control to carry them through to adulthood. They begin to expand their social obligations. To start making good independent decisions, maturing adolescents must recognize the purpose and consequences of their actions and be willing to accept responsibility for both successes and failures.

Erikson: The major challenge of adolescence is the achievement of identity: who am I? where am I going? With whom? And, How am I going to get there? If this phase is not resolved, the result is role confusion. The significant group for the adolescent is the peer group, which is made up of

Front 3

Explain how skill development contributes to expanding cognition and decision-making.

Back 3

Persons teeters between childish and mature ways of appearing, thinking, and behaving. Middle adolescence lasts from ages 15-17. Individuals of these ages are most likely to exhibit behavior considered "typical" of the adolescent. The late adolescence stage lasts from ages 18-20. During this time, young people complete their transition into adulthood. The developmental changes of adolesence have prepared them to exhibit the independence and responsibility that have grown as they begin college life, join the military, or seek employment.

Front 4

Discuss the different stages of adolescence.

Back 4

Early Adolescence (Ages 11-14): young people waiver between a desire for independence and trust from the families and silliness, playfulness and a need for regular approval. Rebellion against authority figures, noisy and faultfinding quarrels with siblings, and evasion of household tasks can be sources of conflict. Patience is essential. As early adolescents attemp new undertakings to test independence and self-reliance, they need strong famial support and guidance. As they get older, they become more controlled emotionally and better able to see situations in perspective. Psychological awareness and objectivity begin to broaden beyond the self to understand the feelings and behaviors of others. A growing sense of humor helps to make family relationships more pleasant. They bring spirt and buoyancy to their undertakings. Display tendencies toward seclusion and moodiness. Criticisms and withdrawals often become a source of puzzlement and hurt to family members. They become more accepting of other

Front 5

Describe the specific physical changes that occur between ages 11 and 20.

Back 5

By age 13, most young people reach 90% of their adult height and have all their permanent teeth except the third molars or wisdom teeth. They have tripled in height and gained 15 times their birth weight. Extremities lengthen, hands and feet grow and the hips, chest, and shoulders widen. Girls usually grow between 2-8 inches in height and boys 4-12 inches. Increased glandular activity causes an increase in sweat and contributes to the development of body odors. Glandular changes also are partly responsible for the development of acne in some. Body hair grows, and becomes thicker and coarser. Alterations in body chemistry, developmental challenges plus an ever increasing capacity to consume food provide adolescents with a great supply of energy.

Front 6

Discuss sexual development for boys and girls.

Back 6

Boys: The average boy shows some pubertal changes by the end of the 12th year. The testicles and penis enlarge, and changes occur in the appearance of the scrotum. Pubic hair begins to appear. Spontaneous erections and occasional ejaculations without external cause may be confusing. Involuntary discharge of semen while sleeping is a normal part of reproductive health. Change in voice and appearance of chin whiskers. Most boys grow more at 14 than at any other age. By age 16 most are close to their adult height.

Girls: The average 11-year old has begun a period of rapid growth and shows signs of approaching sexual maturity. Breast and hip development may be noticeable during these years. Pubic hair starts to grow. By age 13, menarche. By age 14, girls have the physical appearance of young women. Few grow in height after age 14.

Front 7

Identify the importance of relationships for adolescents.

Back 7

Family relationships: attitudes toward younger siblings may alternate between protectiveness and annoyance. Attitudes towards family caregivers range from harsh criticism and displeasure to genuine understanding and great love. Solid family relationships can influence lifetime interpersonal success because they foster self-esteem and respect for and from others. Respect from others is essential for adolescents to maintain psychological and emotional health. Includes recognizing the need for self-assertion, privacy, information, acceptance, experimentation and growth in all developmental areas.

Peer Relationships:

Friendship: adolescence is a time of forming friendships with both the same and the opposite sexes. School cliques are common. Many adolescents have one or two best friends of the same sex during these years with whom they spend large amounts of time.

Dating: A significant issue during these years. First steady relationship. First love brings many complicated feelings. A break

Front 8

Describe the cognitive, emotional and moral developments that occur during adolescence.

Back 8

Answer

Front 9

Discuss appropriate discipline strategies for adolescents.

Back 9

Answer

Front 10

Design a plan for presenting information about human sexuality to adolescents.

Back 10

Answer

Front 11

adolescence

Back 11

developmental period between puberty and maturity (11-20 years)

Front 12

menarche

Back 12

onset of menstruation

Front 13

nocturnal emission

Back 13

involuntary discharge of semen while sleeping

Front 14

peer group

Back 14

group of contemporaries, a group of people with who one associates

Front 15

preadolescence

Back 15

ages 11-14

Front 16

puberty

Back 16

period when a person becomes able to reproduce sexually