Diving Environment

Front 1

What are the 2 main reasons for you to learn about the aquatic realm?

Back 1

You protect what you understand and care for and knowledge of the aquatic realm will help you dive safely

Front 2

What percentage of the Earth is covered with water?

Back 2

71%

Front 3

What is the average depth of the world’s ocean?

Back 3

12,238feet/3730meters

Front 4

Oceanographers feel that the earth is really covered by one large ocean, rather than being divided into five oceans since water flows freely between them.

Back 4

True

Front 5

What 2 influences, vital to life, do the oceans produce?

Back 5

Weather and world climate patterns and important resources such as food and oxygen, and natural resources

Front 6

Aquatic nutrients flow through the oceans in what is called the hydrologic cycle.

Back 6

Water

Front 7

True Or False: The oceans influence the world’s climate and weather by carrying heat to areas that would otherwise be cooler, and by absorbing heat in areas that would otherwise be hotter.

Back 7

True

Front 8

Ice floats on water. How is this important to the thermal conditions on Earth?

Back 8

If ice didn’t float, oceans, ponds, and lakes would freeze solid, making life in them impossible and floating ice and ice that covers whole areas actually insulates the environment beneath it

Front 9

What causes the seasons?

Back 9

The 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis relative to the plan of its orbit around the sun causes the seasons

Front 10

What causes a thermocline?

Back 10

Differences in water temperature and salinity cause differences in the water density. Density differences cause water to separate into layers

Front 11

What forces are responsible for the currents?

Back 11

Surface winds, variations in water density, rotation of the earth and changing tides

Front 12

This illustration shows:

Back 12

the direction divers should head from a boat when diving in a current

Front 13

This illustration shows:

Back 13

the direction of currents in the north and south hemisphere, how the predominate current on the east coast of Australia brings warm water down from the north, how the predominate current on the west coast of North America brings cool water down from the north

Front 14

A rip current can be identified by:

Back 14

channel of churning, choppy water, area having a notable difference in water color, line of foam, seaweed, or debris moving steadily seaward

Front 15

With a rip current there would be break in the incoming wave pattern.

Back 15

True

Front 16

Identify the parts of the wave indicated it the picture:

Back 16

Wavelength, trough, crest

Front 17

What disturbing forces cause waves?

Back 17

Wind, changes in gravity, and seismic activity

Front 18

What are swells?

Back 18

Waves of similar wavelengths that ravel together

Front 19

Select the factors that affect the growth of a wind wave.

Back 19

Distance over which the wind blows-fetch, wind duration, and wind strength

Front 20

Waves break when approaching shore:

Back 20

when the depth is about equal to 1.3 times the same height as the wave

Front 21

What type of breaking wave is shown in the photo?

Back 21

Plunging breaker

Front 22

Which type of breaking wave is typically easiest for divers to swim through?

Back 22

Spilling breaker

Front 23

True or False: On this illustration, “point A” indicates the best place for a diver to enter the water.

Back 23

False – entering the bay area where the waves have much less energy

Front 24

This illustration shows:

Back 24

How waves can indicate an offshore reef

Front 25

True or False: Tides result primarily form the gravitational pull of the sun, and to a lesser degree, the moon.

Back 25

False – moon has more pull than sun

Front 26

The illustration shows a _____ tine.

Back 26

Mixed

Front 27

A diver chooses to dive within a bay or harbor where strong tidal current flow. At what tidal position should he drive?

Back 27

Slack tide

Front 28

The illustration shows the position of the moon and sun during ______ tides.

Back 28

Spring

Front 29

True or False: Nearly all injuries involving aquatic life - plants or animals - result from aggressive marine creatures.

Back 29

False – it is human carelessness

Front 30

Before assisting a diver with an aquatic life injury, you should:

Back 30

Avoid being bitten or stung yourself, always ask for the history of the event, what happened, site of the event, act quickly, and seek medical aid in all cases, even when in doubt if the patient has been bitten or stung

Front 31

A diver with a marine life injury may show which of the following signs and symptoms:

Back 31

Spreading numbness, localized swelling and itching or stinging

Front 32

What are the recommended first aid measures for wounds resulting from venomous mare life?

Back 32

First carefully removing any foreign matter, soak the wound area in hot water for at least 30 to 90 minutes, and treat patient for shock and apply pressure immobilization bandages

Front 33

First aid for fish spine injury includes:

Back 33

Immerse wound in hot but not scalding water

Front 34

With respect to tides, in general the ideal time to dive is:

Back 34

slack tide when high tide peaks

Front 35

Tidal movement is the result of ____ while waves are primarily caused by ______.

Back 35

Gravitational interaction between the sun, moon, and earth/wind

Front 36

In most environments, you can expect excessive rainfall to affect diving conditions by:

Back 36

reducing visibility

Front 37

In the North Pacific Ocean, the major current flows in a ______ direction, which means that water flows in a ______ direction along the coast of North America.

Back 37

Clockwise/southernly

Front 38

A diver with a marine life injury may show which of the following signs and symptoms:

Back 38

Spreading numbness, localized swelling and itching or stinging

Front 39

Jellyfish tentacles should be removed from wound with:

Back 39

forceps or similar tool

Front 40

Waves break when approaching shore:

Back 40

when the depth is about equal to 1.3 times the same height as the wave

Front 41

To avoid damaging the fragile aquatic environment, a diver should:

Back 41

avoid contact with the bottom by maintaining neutral buoyancy, not turn or move rock or other objects, or not touch or handle any plants or animals, especially unfamiliar creatures.

Front 42

What is Discover Local Diving?

Back 42

A PADI experience program that allows divers to participate in underwater guided tours that orient them to unfamiliar aquatic conditions.