Cultural Anthropology #2 Test

Front 1

Phenotype:

Back 1

The way genes are expressed in an organism’s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors

Front 2

The way genes are expressed in an organism’s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors

Back 2

Phenotype:

Front 3

Race

Back 3

flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups

Front 4

flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups

Back 4

Race

Front 5

Racialization:

Back 5

To categorize, differentiate and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people

Front 6

To categorize, differentiate and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people

Back 6

Racialization:

Front 7

Eugenics

Back 7

A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others

Front 8

A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others

Back 8

Eugenics

Front 9

Racial Ideology

Back 9

set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational and normal

Front 10

set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational and normal

Back 10

Racial Ideology

Front 11

Ethnicity:

Back 11

A sense of historical, cultural, and sometime ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group

Front 12

A sense of historical, cultural, and sometime ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group

Back 12

Ethnicity:

Front 13

Nation-State:

Back 13

A political entity, located within a geographic territory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry and destiny as a people

Front 14

A political entity, located within a geographic territory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry and destiny as a people

Back 14

Nation-State:

Front 15

Situational Negotiation of Identity:

Back 15

An individual’s self-identification with a particular group that can shift according to social location

Front 16

An individual’s self-identification with a particular group that can shift according to social location

Back 16

Situational Negotiation of Identity:

Front 17

Fag Discourse:

Back 17

A study conducted by C.J Pascoe; calling someone a fag to lessen the masculinity of a person

Front 18

A study conducted by C.J Pascoe; calling someone a fag to lessen the masculinity of a person

Back 18

Fag Discourse:

Front 19

Gender Ideals & Sports:

Back 19

A set of cultural ideas, usually stereotypical, about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification

Front 20

A set of cultural ideas, usually stereotypical, about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification

Back 20

Gender Ideals & Sports:

Front 21

Gender Performance:

Back 21

The way gender identity is expressed through action

Front 22

The way gender identity is expressed through action

Back 22

Gender Performance:

Front 23

Gender Stratification:

Back 23

An unequal distribution of power and access to a group’s resources, opportunities, rights and privileges based on gender

Front 24

An unequal distribution of power and access to a group’s resources, opportunities, rights and privileges based on gender

Back 24

Gender Stratification:

Front 25

“Gay Genes”

Back 25

A specific gene that would identify and determine the sexual orientation of a person; it has not yet been identified by geneticists

Front 26

A specific gene that would identify and determine the sexual orientation of a person; it has not yet been identified by geneticists

Back 26

“Gay Genes”

Front 27

Sexuality:

Back 27

The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate and natural

Front 28

The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate and natural

Back 28

Sexuality:

Front 29

Machismo

Back 29

A strong, sometimes exaggerated performance of masculinity; shapes relationships not only between men and women but also between men and other men

Front 30

A strong, sometimes exaggerated performance of masculinity; shapes relationships not only between men and women but also between men and other men

Back 30

Machismo

Front 31

Kinsey’s Study/Findings:

Back 31

*

Kinsey and his collaborators suggested that human sexuality was much more diverse than was commonly assumed. Kinsey and later sexologists found that human sexuality does not fit into simplistic categories. Rather, it is marked by diversity, flexibility and fluidity.

Front 32

Kinsey and his collaborators suggested that human sexuality was much more diverse than was commonly assumed. Kinsey and later sexologists found that human sexuality does not fit into simplistic categories. Rather, it is marked by diversity, flexibility and fluidity.

Back 32

Kinsey’s Study/Findings:

Front 33

Wedding Industry:

Back 33

The vast network of commercial activities and social institutions that market 2.3 million weddings per year in the United States

Front 34

The vast network of commercial activities and social institutions that market 2.3 million weddings per year in the United States

Back 34

Wedding Industry:

Front 35

Sexual Violence:

Back 35

Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape

Front 36

Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape

Back 36

Sexual Violence:

Front 37

Kinship

Back 37

The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights and responsibilities

Front 38

The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights and responsibilities

Back 38

Kinship

Front 39

Descent:

Back 39

A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine (blood) relatives

Front 40

A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine (blood) relatives

Back 40

Descent:

Front 41

Serial Monogamy:

Back 41

Individuals who marry again; monogamous marriages follow one after the other

Front 42

Individuals who marry again; monogamous marriages follow one after the other

Back 42

Serial Monogamy:

Front 43

Class:

Back 43

A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources

Front 44

A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources

Back 44

Class:

Front 45

Racism:

Back 45

Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups

Front 46

Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups

Back 46

Racism:

Front 47

Multiculturalism:

Back 47

A pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture

Front 48

A pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture

Back 48

Multiculturalism:

Front 49

Assimilation:

Back 49

The process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups

Front 50

The process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups

Back 50

Assimilation:

Front 51

Gender Studies:

Back 51

Research into the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity across cultures as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories

Front 52

Research into the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity across cultures as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories

Back 52

Gender Studies:

Front 53

Sexual Dimorphism:

Back 53

The phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species

Front 54

The phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species

Back 54

Sexual Dimorphism:

Front 55

Asexuality

Back 55

A lack of erotic attraction to others

Front 56

A lack of erotic attraction to others

Back 56

Asexuality

Front 57

Sex Tourism

Back 57

Travel, usually organized through the tourism sector, to facilitate commercial sexual relations between tourists and local residents

Front 58

Travel, usually organized through the tourism sector, to facilitate commercial sexual relations between tourists and local residents

Back 58

Sex Tourism

Front 59

Polyandry:

Back 59

Marriage between one woman and two or more men

Front 60

Marriage between one woman and two or more men

Back 60

Polyandry:

Front 61

Exogamy:

Back 61

Marriage to someone outside the kinship

Front 62

Marriage to someone outside the kinship

Back 62

Exogamy:

Front 63

Endogamy:

Back 63

Marriage to someone within the kinship group

Front 64

Marriage to someone within the kinship group

Back 64

Endogamy:

Front 65

Egalitarian Society:

Back 65

*

A group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence

Front 66

*

A group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence

Back 66

Egalitarian Society:

Front 67

Redistribution:

Back 67

A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern

Front 68

A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern

Back 68

Redistribution:

Front 69

Genotype:

Back 69

The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form

Front 70

The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form

Back 70

Genotype:

Front 71

Colonialism:

Back 71

The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor and markets in other countries or regions

Front 72

The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor and markets in other countries or regions

Back 72

Colonialism:

Front 73

State:

Back 73

An autonomous regional structure of political, economic and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory

Front 74

An autonomous regional structure of political, economic and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory

Back 74

State:

Front 75

Ethnic Cleansing

Back 75

Efforts by representatives of one ethnic or religious group to remove or destroy another group in a particular geographic area

Front 76

Efforts by representatives of one ethnic or religious group to remove or destroy another group in a particular geographic area

Back 76

Ethnic Cleansing

Front 77

Melting Pot:

Back 77

A metaphor used to describe the process of immigrant assimilation into US dominant culture

Front 78

A metaphor used to describe the process of immigrant assimilation into US dominant culture

Back 78

Melting Pot:

Front 79

Sex:

Back 79

The observable physical differences between male and females, especially biological expressions related to human reproduction

Front 80

The observable physical differences between male and females, especially biological expressions related to human reproduction

Back 80

Sex:

Front 81

Gender

Back 81

The expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes

Front 82

The expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes

Back 82

Gender

Front 83

Sex Work:

Back 83

Labor through which one provides sexual services for money

Front 84

Labor through which one provides sexual services for money

Back 84

Sex Work:

Front 85

Monogamy

Back 85

A relationship between only two partners

Front 86

A relationship between only two partners

Back 86

Monogamy

Front 87

Incest Taboo:

Back 87

Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives

Front 88

Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives

Back 88

Incest Taboo:

Front 89

Reciprocity:

Back 89

The exchange of resources, goods and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties

Front 90

The exchange of resources, goods and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties

Back 90

Reciprocity:

Front 91

Ranked Society:

Back 91

A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are

Front 92

A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are

Back 92

Ranked Society: