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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
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Member of Classical School of Criminology
- Said people were rational and exercised free will - Would employ hedonistic calculus in deciding whether certain action was more likely to result in pleasure than in pain |
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Walter Reckless' Containment Theory
Definitions: Inner Containment & Outer Containment |
Inner Containment: self control, good self image, ability to tolerate frustration
Outer Containment: family values, institutional reinforcement, effective supervision |
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Walter Reckless' Containment Theory
Definitions: Internal Pushes & External Pulls |
Internal pushes: restlessness, impatience and anger
External pulls: poverty, unemployment, media, or delinquent friends |
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Travis Hirsch's Social Bond Theory
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Attachment = ties of affection & respect, with parents, school teachers
Commitment = getting good education, learning trade/profession, finding good job Involvement = being involved in school, in recreation, with family Belief = shared values - it's wrong to steal, people should respect the law |
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The Cure for Crime
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Cause of Crime: caused by low self control; in turn caused by ineffective/incomplete socialization & ineffective child rearing
Cure for Crime: adequate child rearing; caregiver must monitor child's behaviour, recognize deviant behaviour when it occurs, and punish such behaviour |
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Rational Choice Theory
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- Rational choice theories also have roots in Classical School thinking
- Rational choice theorists say criminal motivation doesn't require special explanation (criminals motivated by same things as everyone else - money and self-gratification) - Criminals primarily concerned w/ potential gains that can be realized through criminal activity and ease with those gains can be realized - Also borrows from economic approach of pain vs. gain - Offenders decide whether or not to commit crimes by weighing costs and benefits |
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Economy of Deviance (Gary Becker)
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Gary Becker (1968) Crime and Punishment: Economic Approach
- Employs principle of utilitarianism, just like Classical school (neoclassicism) - Like everyone else, criminals will maximize their own self-interests |
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The Concept of Deterrence
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Classical School: free-willed individuals make conscious, rational choices to engage in criminal behaviour
- said such individuals could be deterred if they were made aware of possible consequences - emphasized importance of three factors (severity, certainty, and celerity) in deterring crime |
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Specific And General Deterrence (Definitions)
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Specific Deterrence: occurs when individual is caught and punished for a crime, and punishment is such that he/she is deterred from committing crime again
General Deterrence: occurs when general public sees someone else being punished for a crime, and become reluctant to take risk of receiving similar punishment |
