Corrections Quiz 1 (Ch 1-2)

Front 1

What was the emphasis in the Rehabilitative Era?

Back 1

The professionalizing of staff through recruitment and training, and the implementation of many self-improvement programs of prison management.

Front 2

T/F: Atavism implied that criminals are born, and criminal behavior is predetermined.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Whose efforts in jail reform led to the passing of the Penitentiary Act in 1779?

Back 3

John Howard

Front 4

T/F: The amount of money directed to criminal justice agencies has decreased greatly in recent years.

Back 4

False

Front 5

Which early colonial bail system enabled rich offenders to pay a fee and be released?

Back 5

Fee system

Front 6

Which of the following statements is true of the Walnut Street Jail?

Back 6

Prison administrators often put masks on inmates as they moved through the prison, to avoid identification in case they met each other after release.

Front 7

T/F: Under the medical model, offenders were believed to be "sick," inflicted with problems that caused their criminality.

Back 7

True

Front 8

T/F: The criminal justice system has made many adjustments to involve victims in the process of sentencing criminals.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Which correctional era advocated an environment that emphasized reformation, education, and vocational programs, and focused offenders' attention on the future?

Back 9

Reformatory Era

Front 10

What is the hands-off doctrine?

Back 10

Avoidance by the US Supreme Court of judicial intervention in the operations of prisons and the judgement of correctional administrators.

Front 11

T/F: By the beginning of the twentieth century, preparation for release was considered an important part of the prison experience, and correctional systems provided programs to prepare inmates for the community transition

Back 11

True

Front 12

T/F: The police, the courts, and judges make up the three major components of the criminal justice system.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Which 1987 US Supreme Court decision upheld the ability of a magistrate to confine an offender on the presumption that he or she was dangerous?

Back 13

United States v. Salemo

Front 14

Which of the following is NOT relevant for the pretrial diversion program?

Back 14

All offenders with successful pretrial diversion programs have a formal criminal record of the offense.

Front 15

Which of the following is NOT an alternative to bail?

Back 15

Preventive detention

Front 16

Who initiated the concept of "good time?"

Back 16

Alexander Maconochie

Front 17

T/F: Non-incarceration sentences include economic sanctions, probation, and intermediate sanctions.

Back 17

True

Front 18

In which of the following sentencing models do judges have primary discretion in creating the sentence?

Back 18

Judicial form of sentencing

Front 19

Which of the following is included in a presentence investigation (PSI)?

Back 19

The range of allowable sanctions

Front 20

Which of the following is NOT true of determinate sentences?

Back 20

Offenders are subject to release by parole boards.