Computer Concepts Ch. 1-4

Front 1

refers to the ownership of certain types of information, ideas, or representations

Back 1

intellectual property

Front 2

the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing

Back 2

storage

Front 3

an electronic component that can be programmed to perform tasks based on data it receives

Back 3

CPU (central processing unit)

Front 4

to serve computers on a network

Back 4

server

Front 5

software or digital device such as a computer that requests data from a server

Back 5

client

Front 6

a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users

Back 6

a mainframe computer

Front 7

a problem that requires massive amounts of data to be processed using complex mathematical calculations

Back 7

a compute-intensive problem

Front 8

a pocket-sized digital appointment book with a small qwerty keyboard or a touch sensitive screen, designed to run on batteries and be used while holding it

Back 8

a PDA (personal digital assistant)

Front 9

a PDA enhanced with features such as removable storage, email, web access, voice communications, built in camera, and GPS

Back 9

a handheld computer

Front 10

refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted

Back 10

data representation

Front 11

text, numbers, graphics, sound, and video that has been converted into discrete digits such as 0's and 1's

Back 11

Digital data

Front 12

represented using an infinite scale of values

Back 12

analog data

Front 13

a 1 or 0 used in the digital representation of data

Back 13

a bit

Front 14

consisists of numbers that might be used in arithmetic operations.

Back 14

numeric data

Front 15

has only two digits 0 and 1

Back 15

binary number system

Front 16

composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations

Back 16

Character data

Front 17

main code to represent character data, requires only seven bits

Back 17

ASCII

Front 18

what does ASCII stand for

Back 18

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Front 19

ASCII with eight bits

Back 19

Extended ASCII

Front 20

the process in which a computer executes a single instruction

Back 20

the instruction cycle

Front 21

BONUS possibly: the human readable version of a program

Back 21

source code

Front 22

computers accomplish a wide array of complex tasks by performing a very limited what?

Back 22

set of machine language instructions very fast

Front 23

any method that confirms a persons identity using something the person knows, someth the person possesses, or something the person is

Back 23

authentication

Front 24

fingerprint, facial features, or retinal pattern

Back 24

biometrics

Front 25

a series of characters, letters and possibly numbers or special symbols that becomes a persons unique identifier similar to a social security number

Back 25

a user ID

Front 26

a s eries of characters that verifies a user ID and guarantees that you are the person you claim to be

Back 26

a password

Front 27

differentiate between uppercase and lowercase

Back 27

case sensitive

Front 28

the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit

Back 28

form factor

Front 29

fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet

Back 29

desktop computer

Front 30

the circuitry that transports data to and from the microprocessor

Back 30

front side bus

Front 31

increases the speed of data moving to the processor

Back 31

Hyper transport

Front 32

the number of bits that a microprocessor can manipulate at one time

Back 32

word size

Front 33

special high speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than from memory located elsewhere on the system board

Back 33

cache

Front 34

a microprocessor with complex instructions requiring several clock cycles for execution

Back 34

CISC

Front 35

what does CISC stand for?

Back 35

complex instruction set computer

Front 36

a microprocessor with a limited set of simple instructions uses what?

Back 36

RISC

Front 37

what does RISC stand for?

Back 37

reduced instruction set computer

Front 38

the processor must complete instructions one at a time before it completes the next instruction

Back 38

serial processing

Front 39

a processor can begin executing an instruction before it completes the previous instruction

Back 39

pipelining

Front 40

multiple instructions are executed at the same time

Back 40

parallel processing

Front 41

a single microprocessor that contains circuitry for more than one processing unit

Back 41

a multi core processor

Front 42

circuitry that enables a single processor to simulate two processors

Back 42

HTT

Front 43

what does HTT stand for?

Back 43

Hyper Threading Technology

Front 44

results of tests ran to gauge the overall speed of a microprocessor

Back 44

benchmarks

Front 45

a temporary holding area for data, application rpogram instructions, and the operating system

Back 45

RAM (random acceess memory)

Front 46

the most popular type of RAM in todays computers?

Back 46

SDRAM

Front 47

SDRAM typically available on a small circuit board called what?

Back 47

DIMM

Front 48

what does DIMM stand for?

Back 48

(dual inline memory module)

Front 49

a type of memory circuitry that holds the computers startup routine

Back 49

ROM (read only memory)

Front 50

CD and DVD storage technologies are classified as?

Back 50

optical storage

Front 51

dark spots on the disks surface?

Back 51

pits

Front 52

lighter, non pitted surface areas of the disk?

Back 52

lands

Front 53

each pit is how small?

Back 53

less than one millionth of a meter (micron) 1500 side by side are about the width of the head of a pin

Front 54

display device using the same sort of glass tube as a standard television

Back 54

a CRT monitor (cathode ray tube)

Front 55

produces an image by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal cells

Back 55

an LCD (liquid crystal display)

Front 56

creates an on screen image by illuminating miniature colored fluorescent lgihts arrayed in a panel like screen

Back 56

plasma screen technology

Front 57

a measure of image clarity, the distance in millimeteres between like colored pixels

Back 57

dot pitch (dp)

Front 58

small dots of light that form an image

Back 58

pixels

Front 59

how far to the side you can still clearly see the screen image

Back 59

viewing angle width

Front 60

the speed at which the screen is repaint

Back 60

a CRT's refresh rate

Front 61

software that helps a preipheral device establish communication with a computer

Back 61

a device driver

Front 62

a collection of drawings and photos designed to be inserted in documents

Back 62

clip art

Front 63

a grid like structure that can hold text or pictrures

Back 63

a table

Front 64

automatically creates personalized letters by combining the infor in a mailing list with a form letter

Back 64

a mail merge

Front 65

uses rows and columns of numbers to create a model of representation of a real situation

Back 65

a spreadhseet

Front 66

provides tools to create electronic spreadsheets

Back 66

spreadsheet software

Front 67

based on a grid of columns and rows

Back 67

a worksheet

Front 68

a number that you want to use in a calculation

Back 68

a value

Front 69

any text used to describe data

Back 69

a label

Front 70

works behind the scenes to tell the computer how to use contents of cells in calculations

Back 70

a formula

Front 71

helps you analyze large sets of data to discover relationships and patterns

Back 71

statistical software

Front 72

provides tools for solving a wide range of math, science, and engineering problems

Back 72

mathematical modeling software

Front 73

offers a variety of tools for tracking monetary transactions and investments

Back 73

money management software

Front 74

a set of keywoards and operators that describe information you want to find

Back 74

a query

Front 75

provides a set of commands for locating and manipulating data

Back 75

a query language (such as SQL)(Structured Query Language)

Front 76

any picture, drawing, sketch, photgraph, image, or icon that apprears on your computer screen

Back 76

graphics

Front 77

designed to help you create, manipulate, and print graphics

Back 77

graphics software

Front 78

provides a set of electronic pens, brushes, and paints for painting images on the screen

Back 78

paint software

Front 79

designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business

Back 79

vertical market software

Front 80

generic software that just about any business can use

Back 80

horizontal market software (payroll software)

Front 81

copyrighted software that is available for free

Back 81

freeware

Front 82

makes source code available to programmers who want to modify and improve the software

Back 82

open source software

Front 83

guides you through the installation process

Back 83

a setup program

Front 84

database that keeps track of your computers peripheral devices, software preferences, and settings

Back 84

the windows registry

Front 85

any system or application software that is installed locally on the hard disk

Back 85

local application

Front 86

typicallly contains suspicious code such as a virus signature

Back 86

a quarantined file

Front 87

allows multiple parts, or threads to run simultaneously

Back 87

multithreading

Front 88

a region of memory that holds data waiting to be transferred from one device to another

Back 88

buffer

Front 89

a situation in which instructions and data from one area of memory overflow into memory allocated to another program

Back 89

a memory leak