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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Power State S1
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Monitor and HDD off
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Power State S2
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Monitor HDD CPU off
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Power State S3
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Whole PC off except for memory AKA "Sleep Mode"
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Power State S4
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Powered off and RAM copied to HDD
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ATX size
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12 by 9.6 (rectangle)
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ATX description
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Memory perpendicular to expansion cards
Uses P1 (20pin) connector Version 2.1 introduced a 4pin connector to provide an additional 12 volts Called ATX12v |
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ATX Version 2.2 enhancements
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For PCI Express slots
Required a 24 pin P1 connector Called Enhanced ATX |
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Mini ATX Enhancements
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11.2 x 8.2
Uses ATX cases and power supplies. |
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Extended ATX Size and use
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12 inches by 12 inches
For rack mounted servers |
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Micro ATX size and case availabililty
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6.75 x 6.75 to 9.6 x 9.6
Can be installed in ATX 2.1 or higher cases |
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Mini ITX size
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6.7 x 6.7
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FlexATX size and use
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9 x 7.5 in
Used in All in one or slimline cases ATX 2.03 or higher Less features and smaller Cheaper |
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NLX size and specs.
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8 x 10 to 9 x 13.6
Upgraded from LPX Uses ATX power supply Has single expansion slot Bus Riser Daughter Board Daughter card Expansion cards are mounted on the bus riser Has connections for disc drives |
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BTX size and specs
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12.8 by 9.6 (rectangle)
Improved fans and cooling Memory parallel to expansion cards Hot components between air intake and power supply Provides stronger structural support for the mobo than ATX Uses ATX power supply |
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MicroBTX size and specs
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up to 10.4 in wide
Up to 4 expansion slots |
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PicoBTX size and specs
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Up to 8 in wide
One or no expansion slots. |
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Define ISA slots
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Black with two sections
up to 8MB/s |
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Define PCI slots
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Usually Plug and Play
White/cream Two sections 3 inches long up to 133 MB/s 32 bit data path at 5v 64 bit data path at 3.3v |
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What is PCI X used for?
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An expansion card used for servers to run at different speeds.
32 or 64 bit |
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What is Mini PCI?
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An expansion card dedicated to one purpose (in a laptop usually)
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What is PCIe?
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A Yellow 164 pin card slot.
Uses up to 16 lanes look like PCI Vary in size 1.1 = 250MB/s transfer rate per lane 2.2 = 500 MB/s transfer rate per lane Up to 16GB/s |
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What is AGP?
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An expansion card for video
Dark brown Shorter than PCI (but farther from the back of the case) up to 2GB/s 2x=533 Mbps 4x=1.07 Gbps 8x=2.1G b/s |
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What is a Riser card?
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It plugs perpendicularly into the motherboard allowing other expansion cards to be plugged in to save space
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What is a CNR card?
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An expansion card that extends the functionality of the MOBO
A CNR can contain onboard components or have additional slots for CPUs RAM or expansion cards. |
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How many pins in SIMM?
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Single Inline Memory Modules have 30 or 72 pins, and were used in earlier Pentium compatible systems.
Uses metal clips An entire bank of SIMMs needed to be filled (2 at a time) |
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How many pins in DIMM?
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Dual Inline Memory Module
168 pin older 184 pin DDR DIMM 240 pin DDR2 & DDR3 |
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How many pins in RIMM (Rambus)?
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A more expensive memory solution that Generated more heat
168/184/242 pin |
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How many pins in SODIMM (Small Outline)?
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72/100/144/200/204 pin
used in laptops and laser printers |
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How does SDRAM Work with the Processor?
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Interface is aligned with the processor and FSB reducing time for memory to catch up with the CPU
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What are SDRAM clock rates?
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66 100 and 133 MHz
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What are SDRAM transfer rates?
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528 MB/s - 1.1 GB/s
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What is the voltage for SDRAM?
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2.2v
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What package does SDRAM use?
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DIMM @ 168-pin
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What are RDRAM clock speeds?
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300 MHz and 800 MHz
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What are RDRAM data rates?
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1.2GB/s and 6.4 GB/s
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What are special considerations for RDRAMM?
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Uses metal-covered RIMMs. Requires sets of 2. Open slots require a Continuity RIMM
(CRIMM). High heat output sometimes requires a heat sink. More expensive than DRAM. |
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How does DDR SDRAM increase the speed over SDRAM?
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Double data rate - Data transferred on the rise and fall of the clock signal.
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What is the clock speed of DDR SDRAM?
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100 - 250MHZ
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What is the data transfer rate for DDR SDRAM?
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1.6 GB/s - 4 GB/s.
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What is the voltage for DDR SDRAM?
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2.5V
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How many pins for DDR SDRAM?
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184-pin
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What is the clock speed of DDR2 SDRAM?
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200 - 533 MHZ
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How does DDR2 SDRAM increase the performance of memory?
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DDR2 SDRAM doubles the I/O Bus Clock speed of the module to double
performance again. |
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What is the transfer rate of DDR2 SDRAM?
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3.2 GB/s - 8.53 GB/s
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What is the voltage of DDR2 SDRAM?
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1.8v
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How many pins for DDR2 SDRAM?
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240-pin
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How many pins for DDR3 SDRAM?
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240-pin (not backwards-compatible with DDR2 SDRAM)
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What is the clock speed of DDR3 SDRAM?
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400-800 MHz
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What is the throughput of DDR3 SDRAM?
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6.4 - 12.8 GB/s
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What is the voltage of DDR3 SDRAM?
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1.5v
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How many pins does SO-DIMM for the DDR/DDR2 package?
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200-pin
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How many pins does SO-DIMM use for the DDR3 package?
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204-pin
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How many ppins does MicroDIMM use for the DDR package?
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172-pin
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How many ppins does MicroDIMM use for the DDR2 package?
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214-pin
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What RAID levels use striping?
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All RAID levels except RAID 1 use striping.
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What are the 2 ways to stripe data in RAID?
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Bit level
Block Level |
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Name the 7 RAID Levels.
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0
Disk striping 1 Disk Mirroring 2 Disk striping with multiple parity drives 3 Bit-level disk striping with dedicated parity 4 Block-level striping with dedicated parity 5 Disk striping with distributed parity 6 Disk striping with extra parity |
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Define Raid 0
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Disk striping
Requires 2 drives at minimum Provides no redundancy One drive fails and all data is lost |
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Define Raid 1
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Disk Mirroring
Requires 2 drives at minimum Requires an even number Provides redundancy but requires an extra drive for storing backed-up data |
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Define Raid 2
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Disk striping with multiple parity drives
Stripes data at the bit level Uses complicated error correction. Quickly replaced due to impracticality and high cost. |
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Define Raid 3
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Bit-level disk striping with dedicated parity
Uses dedicated data and parity drives Replaced by RAID 5 |
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Define Raid 4
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Block-level striping with dedicated parity
Uses dedicated data and parity drives Replaced by RAID 5 |
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Define Raid 5
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Disk striping with distributed parity
Works by gathering data and parity information and spreading it evenly across the drives in the RAID 5 setup. Faster than the usual method of storing data and parity information on separate dedicated drives. Uses a minimum of 3 hard drives - one of which is used for parity. |
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Define Raid 6
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Disk striping with extra parity
Works like RAID 5 but adds extra parity information. Requires at least 5 drives. Useful for larger arrays Can continue to function if up to 2 disks fail |
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RAID on SCSI vs. SATA.
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RAID used to be just for SCSI but is now able to be used on SATA.
SATA supports Hot swapping SATA can support up to 15 drives |
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Define SCSI priority
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Priority starts at 7 and goes to 0
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How is SCSI priority affected on a 16-bit bus?
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Can continue from 15-8 on a 16-bit bus.
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What are SCSI speeds and widths?
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Speeds range from 5mbps to 640 mbps and bus widths range from 8-16 bits.
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What is HVD on SCSI?
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HVD was Created to reduce noise on SCSI bus circuits
Allows for cables of up to 25 meters Uses 2 circuits per data signal - one of which replaces the ground wire. Uses the difference between the 2 signals to reject noise. Attaching a single-ended (SE) SCSI device to a HVD-based controller can damage a computer) |
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What is LVD on SCSI?
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Compatible with SE controllers and devices
Less expensive than HVD devices Use less power than HVD devices Allow up to 12 meters of cabling. LVD device will run as SE when in a SE chain |
