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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What things produce Carbon dioxide when being combusted? |
Coal, natural gas and petroleum
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What is the main constituent of natural gas? |
Methane |
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What is petroleum? |
A mixture ofhydrocarbons and its separation into usefulfractions by fractional distillation.
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Explain fractional distillation |
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What is the use of refinery gas? |
For bottled gas for heatingand cooking
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What is the use of gasoline fraction? |
For fuel (petrol) in cars
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What is the use of diesel oil/gas oil? |
for fuel in dieselengines.
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Describe the concept of homologous series. |
These are families of compounds that differ only in the length of their carbon change. |
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What are the properties of alkanes? |
-Simplest hydrocarbons -They are saturate so only include single bonds -Quite unreactive besides burning |
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What are the properties of alkenes? |
-These are hydrocarbons containing a c=c double bond. -Quite reactive |
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What are the products of completecombustion of hydrocarbons, exempli edby methane? |
Carbon dioxide and water. |
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Explain the production of alkenes by cracking |
-Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules.
-Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. They are then either:passed over a hot catalyst, ormixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature. -These processes break chemical bonds in the molecules, causing thermal decomposition reactions. -Cracking produces smaller alkanes and alkenes (another type of hydrocarbon). |
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How do alkenes react with bromine? |
Bromine water is an orange solution of bromine. It becomes colourless when it is shaken with an alkene. Alkenes can decolourise bromine water, but alkanes cannot
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How do alkenes react with steam? |
If steam (H2O) is added to an alkene, an alcohol is made.
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How do alkenes react with hydrogen? |
Hydrogen can be added to a C=C double bond. This has the effect of ‘saturating’ the molecule, and will turn an alkene into an alkane.
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How can ethanol be formed? |
A reaction between ethene and steam/ |
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What are the uses of ethanol?
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Can be used as biofuel for cars Ethanol is present in alcoholic drinks |
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Complete combustion of ethanol? |
ethanol + oxygen arrow carbon dioxide + water + energy
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What are macromolecules? |
-Large molecules made from lots of smaller molecules called monomers joined together. -Macromolecules made of only one type of monomer are called polymers. |
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Describe the formation of polyethene? |
-Synthetic polymer -It is formed by addition polymerisation whereby many individual monomers join together in one long chain. |
