Chem 1560 Quiz 1

Front 1

pure substance

Back 1

only one type of matter is present (can be elemental or compound)

Front 2

physical transformation

Back 2

leaves the same substance but in a different physical state (changes between solid, liquid, gas)

Front 3

sublimation

Back 3

a substance goes from solid to gas without passing through liquid state

Front 4

chemical transformation

Back 4

atoms form new compounds

Front 5

chemical properties

Back 5

properties that can only be observed when a substance undergoes a change. eg. color is a physical property but flammability is a chemical property

Front 6

intensive property

Back 6

a property that does not depend on the amount of material. eg. density

Front 7

extensive property

Back 7

a property that does depend on the amount of material. eg. weight

Front 8

law of constant composition

Back 8

multiple samples of any pure chemical compound always contain the same percent by mass of each element making up the compound

Front 9

Thomson Model

Back 9

Negative electrons spread out through positive "pudding"

Front 10

Rutherford Model

Back 10

After gold foil experiment, concluded that there was a small but massive nucleus

Front 11

law of Mendeleev

Back 11

there is periodicity in the elements

Front 12

group

Back 12

vertical collumn

Front 13

period

Back 13

horizontal row on the table

Front 14

representative/main group elements

Back 14

the s and p groups.

Front 15

transition metals

Back 15

the d group

Front 16

lanthanides

Back 16

rare earth metals, first period in f group

Front 17

actinides

Back 17

second period in f group

Front 18

alkali metals

Back 18

group IA; want to lose one electron

Front 19

alkaline earth metals

Back 19

group IIA; want to lose 2 electrons

Front 20

chalcogens

Back 20

want to gain two electrons

Front 21

halogens

Back 21

want to gain one electron

Front 22

atomic radius _______ as you go down a group

Back 22

increases

Front 23

atomic radius __________ as you go from left to right in a period

Back 23

decreases

Front 24

anion

Back 24

an negatively charged arom

Front 25

cation

Back 25

a positively charged atom

Front 26

ionization energy__________ as you go down a group

Back 26

decreases

Front 27

ionization energy __________ as you go from left to right in a period

Back 27

increases

Front 28

first ionization energy

Back 28

the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Front 29

classical physics

Back 29

objects can have any energy along a continuous spectrum. works well for large objects

Front 30

quantum physics

Back 30

objects have discreet energies. necessary on the atomic level

Front 31

It requires _____ (more/less) energy to go from n=1 to n=2 shell than from n=2 to n=3 shell

Back 31

more

Front 32

ground state

Back 32

the state of an atom in which all the electrons have the lowest total energy

Front 33

excited state

Back 33

one or more of the electrons in an atom is located in a higher shell than its ground state

Front 34

A metal tends to _______ (gain/lose) valence electrons in a chemical reaction

Back 34

lose

Front 35

A nonmetal tends to _________ (gain/lose) valence electrons in a chemical reaction

Back 35

gain

Front 36

ionic bond

Back 36

a cation and anion each gain/lose an electron

Front 37

covalent bond

Back 37

atoms share an electron