Chapter 9 - Youth Involvement And Positive Development In Sport

Front 1

what did the UN declare 2005?

Back 1

international year for sport and physical activity

Front 2

what are 4 current issues in youth sport?

Back 2

institutionalization
increasing barriers - SES and environmental factors
competition based programs rather than fun
kids aren't as active - high obesity rates

Front 3

Youth sport has the potential to accomplish these 3 important objectives:

Back 3

improved physical health
psychosocial development - cooperation, discipline, self-control
motor skill development

Front 4

possible outcomes of youth sport has been broken up into these 3 categories:

Back 4

physical health
psychological development
social development

Front 5

what is a developmental asset, how many of them are there and what did Benson describe them as?

Back 5

develop youth that will contribute to the community and interact in positive and effective manners
40
the building blocks for human development

Front 6

what are the external assets (4)?

Back 6

comprise support, boundaries, expectations and constructive use of time

Front 7

what are the internal assets (4)?

Back 7

comprise commitment to learning, positive values and identities, social competencies

Front 8

what are the 8 important environmental considerations in a youth program setting? - passoopi

Back 8

physical and psychological safety
appropriate structure
supportive relationships
support for efficacy and mattering
opportunity to belong
opportunity for skill building
positive social norms
integration of family, school and community efforts

Front 9

define a relaxed leisure activity and give examples:

Back 9

enjoyable but not demanding in terms of effort
watching tv, hanging out

Front 10

define a constructive leisure activity, give examples, and what does Larson think of it?

Back 10

require sustained effort toward the achievement of a clear goal
sports, playing an instrument
that it can foster development of initiative in children

Front 11

what must an activity that promotes initiative development comprise? (3)

Back 11

be intrinsically motivating
involve concerted attention toward specific goals
occur over an extended period of time

Front 12

what are the 5 C's and who came up with them?
what is a possible 6th C that could be the result of these?

Back 12

competence, character, connection, confidence, caring/compassion
Lerner, Fisher and Weinberg
contribution

Front 13

define deliberate play:

Back 13

activities that are desired to maximize inherent enjoyment
flexible rules, less emphasis on winning

Front 14

define deliberate practice:

Back 14

high structured activities that require effort, generate no immediate reward
motivated by the goal of improving performance

Front 15

who is Tara Lapinski

Back 15

youngest gold medal winner in winter olympic history - 1998 nagano - women's figure skating

Front 16

define early specialization:

Back 16

high amounts of deliberate practice and low amounts of deliberate play

Front 17

what are 7 things that deliberate practice and early specialization can lead to at a young age?
during late adolescence and adult years?

Back 17

muscle overuse, overtraining, injury, athlete's failure to develop transferable skills, disappointment, discouragement and disappointment
strong predictor of elite performance

Front 18

what are physical and psychological benefits and costs of early specialization?

Back 18

physical benefit - learn sport specific skills
physical cost - increased injuries and reduced health
psychological benefit - self confidence in one sport
psychological cost - lack of diverse experience, reduced enjoyment, pressure, dropout, burnout

Front 19

what are the 3 roles of parents that Hellsledt proposed?
which is optimal?

Back 19

under involved - lack of emotional, financial or functional investment
moderately involved - firm parental direction, but enough flexibility so that the young athlete is allowed significant involvement in decision making
over involved - excessive amounts of involvement in the athletic success of their children

Front 20

what are the 4 kids of parents support?

Back 20

emotional
informational
tangible
companionship "network support"

Front 21

what values should the parents of committed individuals espouse? (5)

Back 21

importance of achievement
hard work
success
being active
persistence

Front 22

name 3 important influences a parent can have on a child in youth development

Back 22

activity selection, intensity of effort, performance levels

Front 23

What are 5 concepts that define sport friendship quality?

Back 23

self esteem enhancement and supportiveness
loyalty and intimacy
companionship and pleasant play
things in common
conflict resolution

Front 24

there are 3 trajectories described in the developmental model of sport participation by cote and colleagues, what are they?

Back 24

1 - recreational participation through sampling
2 - elite performance through sampling
3 - elite performance through early specialization

Front 25

in the first trajectory, what occurs in the two age groups and what are the predicted outcomes?

Back 25

sampling years (6-12) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, multisport involvement
recreational years (13+) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, activities that focus on health and fitness
outcome - recreational participation

Front 26

in the second trajectory what occurs in the 3 age groups and what is the expected outcome?

Back 26

sampling years (6-12) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, multisport involvement
specializing year (13-15) - balanced deliberate play and practice, involvement in fewer sports
investment years (16+) - high deliberate practice, low deliberate play, focus on one sport
outcome - elite performance, enhanced physical health

Front 27

in the third trajectory what is the chronological order of events and what is the predicted outcome?

Back 27

early entry into sport - early specialization and investment - high deliberate practice, low deliberate play and focus on one sport
elite performance, reduced physical health, reduced enjoyment

Front 28

define nature, in the traditional approach:

Back 28

the notion that the attainment of exceptional performance depends on a spacial genetic potential which can be identified in children

Front 29

define nature, in the traditional approach:

Back 29

the notion that the attainment of exceptional performance depends on a spacial genetic potential which can be identified in children

Front 30

define nurture:

Back 30

the notion that the performer becomes highly successful as a result of environmental factors such as training rather than innate abilities

Front 31

define nurture:

Back 31

the notion that the performer becomes highly successful as a result of environmental factors such as training rather than innate abilities

Front 32

what does the explicit definition of talent include? (5)

Back 32

talent is party innate
trained people will identify talent in advance
early indications of talent provide a basis for prediciting who is likely to excel
only a minority are talented
talents are relatively domain specific

Front 33

what does the explicit definition of talent include? (5)

Back 33

talent is party innate
trained people will identify talent in advance
early indications of talent provide a basis for prediciting who is likely to excel
only a minority are talented
talents are relatively domain specific

Front 34

what are 3 reasons that talent can't be used to predict exceptional performance?

Back 34

validity and usefulness are questionable
time consuming
compensation phenomenon - deficiencies in one area of sport can be compensated for big a high level in others

Front 35

what are 3 reasons that talent can't be used to predict exceptional performance?

Back 35

validity and usefulness are questionable
time consuming
compensation phenomenon - deficiencies in one area of sport can be compensated for big a high level in others

Front 36

in martens modern approach to talent development, what 5 concepts are presented?

Back 36

a shift from talent detection
complement method of orthodox science
ideographic approaches
introspective methods
field studies to talent development

Front 37

in martens modern approach to talent development, what 5 concepts are presented?

Back 37

a shift from talent detection
complement method of orthodox science
ideographic approaches
introspective methods
field studies to talent development

Front 38

what was the Benjamin Bloom study? what did he find?

Back 38

studied career evolution of 120 talented athletes, artists, etc.
found 3 critical stages of talent development - early years and stage inhibition, middle years and stage of development, later years and stage of perfection

Front 39

what did Bloom find in the evolution of the role of the teacher/coach?

Back 39

middle years - more advanced and regarded as one of the best in their region
later years - relocating due to coach

Front 40

what did Csikszentmitalyi and colleagues study?

Back 40

208 talented high school student and the development of talent based on a mind set

Front 41

define the flow model of optimal experience:

Back 41

subjective state experienced when individuals are completely connected to the task, to the point of losing track of time and being unaware of fatigue and everything else

Front 42

how is the flow experience enhanced by teachers (4)?

Back 42

encouraging students to excel
creating optimal learning environments
understanding the students
eliminating external rewards

Front 43

what is the "punch drunk syndrome" and who is it relevant to?

Back 43

genetic selection and technology can establish if an athlete has a genetic disposition to a certain sports related injury - this one is a genetic predisposition to brain injury
boxers