Chapter 9 Anthropology

Front 1

Meave leaky

Back 1

Australopithecus anamensis
Kenyanthropus platyops

Front 2

Middle Awash Region

Back 2

Ardipithecus kadaaba
Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus garhi

Front 3

Tim white

Back 3

Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus garhi

Front 4

West Lake Turkana (kenya)

Back 4

Kenyanthropus platyops (Meave Leakey)
A./Paranthropus aethiopicus(Alan Walker & Richard Leaky)

Front 5

Leakey Family

Back 5

Meave Leakey---Australopithecus anamensis( Kanapoi & Allia Bay)
Kenyanthropus platyops(West Lake Turkana)
Mary Leakey----Paranthropus boisei(Olduvai E. Africa)
Louis Leakey----Homo habilis(Olduvai Gorge)
Richard Leakey----Homo rudol((f))ensis(Koobi ((f))ora, Kenya-east lake turkana)
----A./Paranthropus aethiopicus(West Lake Turkana)

Front 6

Olduvai

Back 6

Mary Leakey----Paranthropus boisei(Olduvai E. Africa)
Louis Leakey----Homo habilis(Olduvai Gorge)
Homo ergaster

Front 7

East Lake Turkana (Kenya)

Back 7

It's only onE(last e followed by first E in East) and that is :

-Richard Leakey----
-Homo rudol((f))ensis
-(Koobi ((f))ora, Kenya-

Front 8

High Sexual Diphormism

Back 8

-Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor (remember 4 groups doing homo stuff connected to sexuality)
-Australopithecus africanus (so much sex going on)
-Paranthropus boisei (boys ay ! have sex with girls-His name is nutcracker man-NUTS)

Front 9

Higher encephalization quotient (this is the one you think about their sexual activity)

Back 9

-Paranthropus robustus ( looks like a brianiac)
-Australopithecus africanus (derived) (smart cuz they have sex)
-Weird how 4 groups of homo have sex all the time but don't have a higher enc. quotient
-Hominid Trends
-Paranthropus boisei (smart cuz they have sex)

Front 10

Large Brain

Back 10

Rule of thumb= If you see the word homo say large brain

-Larger brains than modern (Homo neanderthalensis)
-Primitive chimp sized brain(Sahelanthropus tchadensis) *odd one out
-Larger brain(Homo habilis ) *remember this in particular cuz they have wenickes and Broca for language
-Large Brain (Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecesso )
-Increased brain size, changes in Brain architecture (Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis) *parietal breadth expansion

Front 11

Robust

Back 11

-Robust Skull (Sahelanthropus tchadensis)
-Hyper robust (Paranthropus boisei) (Hyper RObust Nuts)
-robust body(Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor)
-Decreased body/craniofacial/dental robusticity(Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis)
-Post cranially robust+Robust short limbs/digits(Homo neanderthalensis)

Front 12

-Shovelled incisors - distinctive (distinctive cuz it's only in one of them)
-Sagittal keel - distinctive
-Postorbital waisting
-supraorbital and nuchal tori

Back 12

Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor

Front 13

Oldowan

Back 13

-Homo habilis & Homo rudolfensis
-Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor Oldowan --> Acheulian tool technology

Front 14

Fire(3)

Back 14

-Homo neanderthalensis(hearth were rare)
-(controversy) Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor
-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo ((he))idelbergensis(we know that cuz we also know they had ((he))arth)

Front 15

Language(3)

Back 15

-Homo Habilis (Larger brain with Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas)
-Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor (homo group of 4 in (atapuerca) needed to (talk to each other) while sitting by the (fire) (cooking whatever diet))
-Homo neanderthalensis : Speech - possibly capable of articulate speech - hyoid bone, complexity of culture, behavior

Front 16

Scavenger-Forager

Back 16

-Homo habilis & Homo rudolfensis (Nomadic scavenger-foragers)
-Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor
-Australopithecus africanus

Front 17

Java (as location in Asia)
China

Back 17

-Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor
-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis

Front 18

Spain

Back 18

Basically very recent ones!

-Homo neanderthalensis
-(Atapuerca)Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo antecessor
-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis

Front 19

France

Back 19

-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis
-Homo neanderthalensis (this is for sure cuz the name is french)
-Homo sapiens sapiens

Front 20

Germany

Back 20

-Homo neanderthalensis
-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis

Front 21

What species was found in all 3 major cities in europe (Germany- France- Spain)

Back 21

-Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis
-Homo neanderthalensis

Front 22

Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis
Characteristics

Back 22

-You only talk about brain really

Increased brain size, changes in Brain architecture

expanded parietal breadth

More vertical, less pentagonal walls

Decreased body/craniofacial/dental robusticity

Loss of angulation in occipital region

Front 23

Vertical skull

Back 23

Notice they are both towards the very end of the time periods!

-More vertical, less pentagonal walls (Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis)
-More square and vertically oriented skull (Homo sapiens sapiens)

Front 24

Crossed Beringea <17kya
(Homo sapiens sapiens)

Back 24

that many human populations first passed from Asia to populate the Americas.

Front 25

Chatelperronean (40kya) - neandertal

Aurignacian (40kya) - HSS

Gravettian (27kya) - HSS

Solutrean (21kya) - HSS

Magdalenian (17kya) - HSS

Back 25

-I know Magdalenian is at the end since Magdalen was in my college
-Pizza pepperroni was very old - neanderthals would eat it

Front 26

Divergent Hallux

Back 26

-Australopithecus afarensis(slightly divergent hallux) (LUCY)
-Australopithecus africanus
-Ardipithecus ramidus (ARDI)
-Primitive early hominin characteristics

Front 27

Prognathism

Back 27

-Ardipithecus ramidus(Intermediate prognathism - derived)
-Australopithecus afarensis
-Kenyanthropus platyops(Less prognathic)
-Primitive early hominin characteristics ( especially if seen in lucy and ardi)

Front 28

2 Characteristics I can easily use for ARDI and LUCY

Back 28

-Prognathism
-Divergent Hallux

Front 29

orthognathic

Back 29

-More orthognathic(Robust forms - characteristics)
-Sahelanthropus tchadensis (derived)

Front 30

Chinese challenges by recent researchers

Back 30

-probably not a hunter, but a scavenger. Remains are refuse of giant hyena carnivores
-probably didn't make fire
-cave probably not inhabitated. it had a vertical shaft and was a "trap" instead of a shelter

Front 31

Other H. Erectus Chinese sites

Back 31

-Most work done at Zhoukoudian but other sites found:
1. Lantian
2. Yunxian
3. Hexian

Front 32

Asian H. Erectus

Back 32

-Asian crania from Java to China similar
-Explained by H. erectus migration from Java to China around 1 mil years ago

Front 33

Comparing Asian & African Homo Erectus

Back 33

-African less robust cranial specimens and thinner cranial bones
-Asian more robust cranial specimens

Front 34

Atapuerca: Sima del Elefante

Back 34

-oldest hominin known in WESTERN europe
-these include a partial jaw with a few teeth, resembling Dmanisi fossils and Oldowan like tools

Front 35

Gran Dolina Site

Back 35

-northern Spain
-Atapuerca region
-Spanish paleoanthropologist name new species "homo antecessor" (controversial classification)

Front 36

Ceprano

Back 36

-Central Italy
-Only one individual may be among best evidence of Homo erectus in Europe

Front 37

2 tool traditions of H. Erectus

Back 37

1. Oldowon tools
2. later replaced by Acheulian tool (hand ax)

Front 38

Achedulian tool

Back 38

-biface tool used to cut, scrape, pound, dig
-from lower and mid pleistocene
-BIFACIAL CORE tool (flaked on both sides)
-assoiciated lower paleolithic cultural period

Front 39

Asian bifaces

Back 39

-hand axe once thought to be absent in asia which represent a sort of "cultural divide"
-Similar bifaces recently found in Southern China
-Stone tool technology largely equivalent over full geographical range of H. erectus
-(w/ smaller tools)