Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the majority of the fine, absorbing roots of a tree are in the (blank) and (blank) horizons.
|
a and o
|
|
|
driving vehicles across wet soil will (blank) the soil and destroy soil (blank blank).
|
Compact, Poor Space
|
|
|
(True or False) negatively charged clay particles hold catuions near their surface.
|
True
|
|
|
in 1 foot (0.3 M) of clay soil with 4inches (10cm) of water in the soil, approximately how many inches of water would be available to the tree?
|
1"
|
|
|
(Blank Blank) modifies the effects of soil texture as the soil particles form clumps or aggregates.
|
Soil STructure
|
|
|
True/False--Soil can hold water so tightly in micropores that the ability of tree roots to absorb water is restricted.
|
True
|
|
|
Soil texture refers to the relative coarseness or fineness of a soil. Rank the following from finest texture (1) to the coarsest(3). Silt. Clay. Sand.
|
"2 silt
1 clay 3 sand" |
|
|
On the pH scale, less than 7 is (Blank) 7 is (Blank) and more than 7 is (Blank).
|
acidic, Neutral, alkaline
|
|
|
A pH of 5 is (Blank) time more acidic than a pH of 7.
|
100
|
|
|
The process in which ions of essential elements wash down through the soil profile and are lost is called (blank).
|
leach
|
|
|
Many essential elements are dissolved in soil water in the form of positively charged particles called (Blank).
|
Cations
|
|
|
If the soil is too (Blank), iron and manganese may be in a chemical form that is unavailable to trees.
|
Alkaline
|
|
|
The buffering capacity is the resistance of a soil to changes in pH. Clay soils and soils high in organic matter usually have a (blank) Buffering capacity.
|
high
|
|
|
The (blank blank) is the zone of intense biological activity near the actively elongating roots.
|
rhizosphere
|
|
|
"The diversity of organisms living, moving, and interacting in the soil is often referred to as the (Blank Blank Blank).
|
Soil Food Web
|
|
|
Water that drains from the macropores is called (blank) water. Following drainage, the soil is said to be at (blank Blank).
|
Gravitational, Field Compacity
|
|
|
true/flase--Most soil organisms cause disease or decay in tree roots.
|
FALSE
|
|
|
True/False--Many tree roots exist in a symbiotic relationship with fungi that assist the tree in water and mineral absorption.
|
TRUE
|
|
|
Fungus roots
|
mycorrhizae
|
|
|
measure of acidity or alkalinity
|
pH
|
|
|
fine-textured soil particles
|
Clay
|
|
|
water that drains from the macropores
|
Gravitational water
|
|
|
Ability of a soil to attract and hold cations
|
CEC
|
|
|
Coarse-textured soil particles
|
sand
|
|
|
ability to maintain pH
|
Buffering capacity
|
|
|
soil after gravitational water has drained
|
field capacity
|
|
|
soil zone immediately surrounding roots
|
rhizosphere
|
|
|
tend to be air filled
|
macropores
|
|
|
tend to be water filled
|
Micropores
|
|
|
how do soil texture and organic matter influence the buffering capacity of a soil?
|
changes acidic levels and field compacity
|
|
|
Why are arid soils generally alkaline and high in salts
|
no water
|
|
|
Explain how the bodies of soil microorganisms serve as storage bank for plant nutrients.
|
fill in the blank
|
|
|
Explain why a planting container filled completely with soil drains better than a container with gravel in the bottom.
|
the gradual release of water is better then constant drain
|
|
|
If, during construction, most of the A horizon and organic layer are stripped away, leaving the B horizon as the uppermost soil. What would the effects on newly plant trees in the landscape?
|
Need Strong root system, Girdling roots; Soil Deficientcy
|
|
|
Most of the fine, absorbing roots are typically found near the soil surface because
a. roots grow wher conditions are favorable b. roots need UV light to drive respiration c. the pH of the soil is generally higher near the surface d. phosphorus and potassium are more available |
roots grow wher conditions are favorable
|
|
|
Microorganisms tend to congregate in the rhizosphere, in part, because
a. sugar exudates from root tips are a source of food b. mycorrhizae fix nitrogen and make it available c. root hairs tend to collect cations essential to microorganism growth d. bacteria preferentially feed the meristem tissue at the root tips |
sugar exudates from root tips are a source of food
|
|
|
when soil is compacted,
a. micropores combine to form macropores b. soil particles are broken up, giving the soil a finer texture c. a high water content will reduce the damaging effects d. total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced |
total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced
|
|
|
if a planting hole in a clay soil site is backfilled with sandy soil,
a. drainage will be improved, heling the tree to establish b. nutrients will be more available to the newly established roots within the planting hole c. water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole d. the improved texture of the backfill will reduce the chances of girdling roots forming later |
water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole
|
|
|
A characteristic of sandy soils in arid regions is that they
a. tend to become alkaline and salts build up due to the lack of heavy rainfall b. tend to become acid because basic ions leach out c. are fine in texture due to the high sand content d. have a high water holding capacity because rainfall is scarce |
tend to become alkaline and salts build up due to the lack of heavy rainfall
|
|
|
(Blank) (Blank) is the soil property that resists changes to the pH.
|
Buffering Compacity
|
|
|
(True or False) Over time, mulching can improve soil structure, reduce compaction and add organic matter to the soil.
|
TRUE
|
