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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Because pruning removes leaves and reduces the overall photosynthetic capacity of a tree, it also reduces (Blank).
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Growth
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Name five common reason for removing limbs from trees.
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a. dead
b.diseased c. hazardous d. crossing e. thinning for light or air penetration f. weight reduction g. size reduction h. obstruction signs, views, clearance, etc. |
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to maximize flowering, plants that bloom on current season's wood should be pruned prior to (Blank) (Blank), or in the summer after bloom has occurred. Plants that bloom on last season's wood should be pruned just after (Blank).
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Leaf Emergence, Bloom
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True/ False-- Trees that tend to "bleed" should never be pruned in early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor.
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False
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Label the branch bark ridge and the branch collar in a drawing. Show where the undercut, top cut, and final cut should be made in removing the limb.
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(draw picture)
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(Blank) (Blank) is bark that gets pushed inside the branch union as two branches grow and develop.
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Included Bark
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The swollen area at the base of a branch where it arises from the trunk is called the (Blank)(Blank).
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Branch Collar
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Two limbs that arise from apical buds on the same stem are known as (Blank)(Blank), and are both direct extensions of the stem below.
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Codominant Stems/ Branches
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True/ False-- In the absence of included bark, the relative size of a branch in relation to the trunk is more important for strength of branch attachment than is the angle of attachment.
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True
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True/ False-- Codominant stems can represent a structurally unstable branch configuration, especially if there is included bark in the junction.
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True
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When training young trees, a single central leader should be selected and competing leaders should be removed or (Blank).
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Subordinated
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True/ False-- As a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of sever pruning than juvenile trees.
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True
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When practical, temporary lower branches should be left on young tree to help develop trunk (Blank).
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Taper
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When pruning palms, if older, live fronds must be removed, avoid removing fronds that initiate above (Blank)
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Horizontal
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(Blank)(Blank) is the removal of dead, dying, and weak branches from a tree.
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Crown Cleaning
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True/False-- Even the removal of 25 percent of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree.
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true
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(Blank) includes crown cleaning as well as selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air movement into the crown of the tree.
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Thinning
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Caution must be taken not to create an effect known as (Blank)(Blank), which is caused by excessive removal of inner laterals and foliage.
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Lion tailing
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Three adverse effects of lion tailing are
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uneven foliage distribution
sunburned bark tissue weakened branch structure |
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(Blank) is best accomplished by cutting limbs back to laterals that are large enough to sustain the remaining branch and assume the terminal role
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Reduction
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Three adverse effects of topping include
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a. excessive water sprout development
b. weak branch attachment c. unnatural growth form |
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Pruning when trees are (Blank) can minimize the risk of pest problems associated with wound entry and allow trees to take advantage of the full growing season to begin closing and compartmentalizing wounds.
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Dormant
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True/ False-- Research on wound dressing shows that their use prevents decay.
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False
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(Blank)(Blank)(Blank)are substances, usually effective in small quantities, which enhance or alter the growth and development of a plant.
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Plant Growth Regulators
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Name two ways plant growth regulators are used by arborists.
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Reduce growth
restrict sucker growth |
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What are the effects of pruning on the growth and development of roots and shoots of a tree
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root pruning prevents girdling
shoot pruning increases root taper |
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explain the response of a tree to topping. what steps should be taken to restore the crown? What alternatives might be suggested to a client who wants his or her tree topped?
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select pruning
heading |
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why is good trunk taper important in the development of a tree
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Strength
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How do antigibberellins reduce the growth of trees? What are the limitations to their use?
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Reduce cell growth
Phytosis |
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When pruning young trees, it is important to train for dominant leader and well-spaced scaffold branches so that
a. future pruning can be minimized b. the tree will be structurally strong c. codominant branching can be avoided d. all of the above |
All of the above
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To prune trees that flower on the previous years growth and maximize flowering, you should prune
a. any time during the dormant season b.shortly after flowering c. in late summer after see formation d. in the fall, just after the leaf drop |
B. Shortly after flowering
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When pruning a branch from a tree, the final cut should be
a flush with the parent stem b. at a 45-degree angle to the parent stem c. parallel to the branch bark ridge d. just outside the branch collar |
d. just outside the branch collar
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when it comes to pruning, as a rule, mature trees are
a. more tolerant of extremes than young trees b. capable of tolerating heading c. not tolerant of severe pruning d. unlikely to produce water sprouts |
c. not tolerant of sever pruning
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If the height of a tree must be reduced,
a. branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume a terminal role b. all cuts should be made at internodes to avoid cutting through buds c. the tree should be pruned to compensate for foliage loss d. all of the above |
a. branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume the terminal role
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