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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Psychology |
the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
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Social psychology is the scientific study of... |
1. Social thinking - How we perceive ourselves and others, what we believe, judgements we make and our attitudes. 2. Social Influence - Culture and biology, pressures to conform, persuasion, and groups of people. 3. Social relations - helping, aggression, attraction and intimacy, and prejudice. |
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Major themes in social psychology |
Social thinking - 1. we construct our social reality. 2. our social intuitions are powerful, sometimes perilous. Social Influences -3. social influences shape behaviour. 4. Dispositions shape behaviour. Social Relations - 5. social behaviour is also biological behaviour. 6. Relating to others is a basic need Applying social psychology - 7. social psychology's principles are applicable to everyday life. |
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Social Neuroscience |
an integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviours. |
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Culture |
the enduring behaviours, ideas, attitudes, traditions, products, and institutions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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Social Representations
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socially shared beliefs; widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of the world. |
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Naturalistic Fallacy |
The error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable: for example, what's typical is normal; what's normal is good. |
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Hindsight Bias |
The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. |
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Theory
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an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events. |
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Hypothesis |
a testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events. |
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A good theory accomplishes:
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1. Effectively summaries many observations, and 2. Makes clear predictions that we can use to: - confirm or modify the theory - generate new exploration - suggest practical applications |
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Field Research
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research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory. |
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Correlation Research
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the study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables. |
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Experimental Research
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studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant). |
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Random Sample
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survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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Independent Variable |
the experimental factor that a researcher manipulates. |
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Dependent Variable |
the variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable. |
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Random Assignment
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the process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition. |
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Mundane Realism |
degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations. |
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Experimental Realism |
degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants. |
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Demand Characteristics |
cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behaviour is expected. |
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Informed Consent
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An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. |
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Research Methods |
1. Correlational: Advantage - often uses real-world settings. Disadvantage - Causation often ambiguous 2. Experimental: Advantage - can explore cause and effect by controlling variables and by random assignment. Disadvantage - Some important variables cannot be studied with experiments. |
