Ch.10 Anatomy Test

Front 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Back 1

1. Skeletal

2. Cardiac

3. Smooth (visceral)

Front 2

Skeletal - Muscle Tissue

striated? voluntary?

Back 2

Striated? Yes

Voluntary? Yes

Front 3

Cardiac - Muscle Tissue

Striated? Voluntary?

Back 3

Striated? YES

Voluntary? NO

Front 4

Smooth - Muscle Tissue

Striated? Voluntary?

Back 4

Striated? NO

Voluntary? NO

Front 5

identify origin and insertion

Back 5

Front 6

During contraction the ___ moves toward the ___?

Back 6

During contraction the insertion moves toward the origin

Front 7

Name the 5 functions of muscles

Back 7

Muscle functions include:

* motion
* locomotion
* maintenance of posture or position
* production of heat
* circulation of the blood

Front 8

Muscles function in?

Back 8

in pairs or groups, each having the opposite function of the other.

Front 9

Muscles that flex the forearm , must be complemented by?

Back 9

by muscles that extend the same structure

Front 10

The Muscle mass itself is referred as?

Back 10

The belly

Front 11

What is the origin?

Back 11

the end of the muscle that is relatively stationary during contraction.

Front 12

What is insertion?

Back 12

the end of the muscle that moves toward the origin during contraction.

Front 13

Rarely, a muscle origin can act as the insertion

T/F

Back 13

True

Front 14

Give an example, where the muscle origin can act as the insertion

Back 14

In the rectus abdominus where the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis can interchangeably be the origin or insertion depending on the action being performed.

Front 15

What is superficial fascia?

Back 15

a layer of shiny connective tissue

Front 16

What is epimysium?

Back 16

the outermost layer of the muscle

Front 17

What is the Perimysium?

Back 17

Deep to the epimysium and surrounding the fasciculi

Front 18

What is the Endomysium?

Back 18

They are within each fasciculus and surrounding the muscle fibers that lie inside is the muscle layer

Front 19

What is the Fasciculus ?

Back 19

can be viewed as a cylindrical area within the muscle containing parallel-running muscle fibers

Front 20

What is a muscle fiber?

Back 20

A muscle fiber is a muscle cell

Front 21

What is a myofibril?

Back 21

Rod that is striated , comes out of muscle fiber

Front 22

What is Sarcomere?

Back 22

the portion of a muscle fiber between two successive Z-lines

Front 23

What is the Z line or Z disc ?

Back 23

the partitions within a muscle fiber that section it into sarcomeres. Thin myofilaments attach to these.

Front 24

What is an A band?

Back 24

the comparatively dark area entirely within a sarcomere. This area is composed of thick filaments and thin filaments. This area does not shrink during muscle contraction.

Front 25

What is the I band?

Back 25

the lighter areas alternating with A-Bands; these areas straddle the Z-line and are composed of thin filaments (the terms myofilament and filament are used interchangeably).

During contraction the I-Band shrinks in size.

Front 26

What is the H zone?

Back 26

a subdivision of the A-Band in the center of the sarcomere where only thick filaments are present. This area shrinks during muscle contraction.

Front 27

What are Thick Filaments?

Back 27

these filaments, which span A-Band, are composed of the protein myosin.

Front 28

What are Thin Filaments?

Back 28

these filaments, which attach to the Z-line and interdigitate with the thick filaments, are composed of three proteins:

* f-actin
* tropomyosin
* troponin (attaches to the end of each tropomyosin strand

Front 29

The release of Calcium ions to initiate muscle contraction allows , calcium to bind to?

Back 29

allows Ca to bind to troponin

Front 30

When calcium binds to troponin , what happens?

Back 30

troponin moves slightly and allows myosin to bind with tropomyosin

Front 31

When troponin moves slightly and myosin binds with tropomyosin, what does this allow?

Back 31

This permits the movement (sliding) of the thick and thin filaments over each other.

Front 32

During Muscle contraction , what happens?

Back 32

the thick and thin filaments overlap eachother more and more. Movement of the filaments is described in the Sliding Filament Theory.

Front 33

During the contraction, the thick filaments appear to?

Back 33

maintain their position in the center of the sarcomere

Front 34

During contraction , what happens to the sarcomere?

Back 34

the sarcomere itself becomes smaller as the Z-lines "move in" on the thick filaments

Front 35

Since all of the sarcomeres in a muscle contract but the origin remains stationary, the result is ?

Back 35

the result is that the insertion is moved toward the origin.

Front 36

Thick filament is composed of what?

Back 36

Myosin (beads)

Front 37

Thin filaments are composed of what 3 proteins?

Back 37

1. F - Actin

2. Tropomyosin

3. Troponin

Front 38

In a short summary, what is the sliding filament theory?

Back 38

During contraction, Troponin and Myosin , can form bonds and move relative to each other