Ch. 16 The Respiratory System From The Human Body In Health And Disease

Front 1

between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the alveolus, there is a barrier less tahn 1 micron thick called

Back 1

Respiratory membrane

Front 2

The upper respiratory tract is composed of which repriratory structures

Back 2

Nose
Pharynx
larynx

Front 3

The lower respiratory tracts is composed of which repriratory structures

Back 3

Trachea
Bronchial tree (all segments)
Lungs

Front 4

The four paranasal sinuses

Back 4

Frontal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal

Front 5

Three shelflike structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side

Back 5

Conchae or turbinates

Front 6

The throat

Back 6

Pharynx

Front 7

How long is the Pharynx

Back 7

12.5cm (5")

Front 8

Three divisions of the Pharynx

Back 8

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Front 9

Upper portion of Pharynx just behind the nasal cavities

Back 9

Nasopharynx

Front 10

Portion of the pharynx behind the mouth is called

Back 10

Oropharynx

Front 11

The lastor lowest segment of the pharynx

Back 11

Laryngopharynx

Front 12

where the right and left auditory, or eustachian tubes open into

Back 12

Nasopharynx

Front 13

Masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in the mucous membrane of the pharynx

Back 13

tonsils

Front 14

tonsils located in the oropharynx

Back 14

palatine tonsils

Front 15

tonsils located in the Nasopharynx

Back 15

Pharyngeal tonsils
also called adenoids

Front 16

The voice box

Back 16

Larynx

Front 17

Largest piece of catilage composing the Larynx

Back 17

Thyroid cartilage or adams apple

Front 18

The space between the vocal cords

Back 18

Glottis

Front 19

A piece of catilage that partially covers the opeining of the larynx

Back 19

epiglottis

Front 20

soar throat

Back 20

Pharyngitis

Front 21

A condition most often caused by absence or inpairment of the surfactant in the fluid that lines the alveoli

Back 21

RDS Respiratory distress syndrome

Front 22

reduces the surface tension of the fluid on the free surface of the alveolar walls and permits easy movement of air into and out of the lungs

Back 22

Surfactant

Front 23

inflammation of the parietal pleura, characterized by difficulty in breathing and tabbing pain

Back 23

Pleurisy

Front 24

Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung for any reason

Back 24

Actelectasis

Front 25

Exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment

Back 25

Respiration

Front 26

Process that moves air into and out of the lungs

Back 26

Pulmonary ventilation or breathing

Front 27

Exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood

Back 27

External respiration

Front 28

Exchange of gases occuring between the blood and the cells of the body

Back 28

Internal respiration

Front 29

Moves air into the lungs

Back 29

Inspiration, or inhalation

Front 30

Moves air out of the lungs

Back 30

expiration

Front 31

Inspiratory muscles

Back 31

Diaphragm
external intercostals

Front 32

Expiratory muscles

Back 32

Internal intercostals
abdominal muscles

Front 33

The exchange of gases that occur between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is called

Back 33

Internal respiration.

Front 34

normal amount of air inhaled and exhaled under normal conditions

Back 34

Tidal volume. 500 Ml.

Front 35

Air that remains in the respiratory tract after a forceful expiration is called

Back 35

Residual volume 1200ml

Front 36

The largest volume of air that can be moved in and out during ventilation is called

Back 36

Vital capacity 4500-5000ml

Front 37

This is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume

Back 37

Expiratory reserve volume
ERV
1000ml

Front 38

The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration

Back 38

Inspiratory reserve volume
IRV
3300ml

Front 39

refers to a normal repiratory rate

Back 39

Eupnea

Front 40

rapid breathing

Back 40

Hyperventilation

Front 41

describes slow and shallow breathing

Back 41

Hypoventilation

Front 42

Refers to labored or difficult breathing and is often associated with hyupoventilation

Back 42

Dyspnea

Front 43

Dyspnea that is relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position

Back 43

Orrhopnea

Front 44

If breathing stops completely for a brief period regardless of cause, is is called

Back 44

Apnea

Front 45

Falure to resume breathing after a period of apnea

Back 45

respiratory arrest

Front 46

A series of cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation

Back 46

Cheyne-Stokes respiration
CSR

Front 47

Breathing patter that can occur in critical diseases such as CHF, brain injuries, or brain tumors

Back 47

Cheyne-Stokes

Front 48

common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchi, most commonly caused by infection.

Back 48

Bronchitis

Front 49

Often starts with a nonproductive cough that progresses to a deep cough that produces sputum

Back 49

Bronchitis

Front 50

An acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid(exudate)

Back 50

Pneumonia

Front 51

characteristics of pneumonia

Back 51

high fever
severe chills
headache
cough
chestpain

Front 52

majority of pneumonia cases result from infection by

Back 52

Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria

Front 53

Type of pneumonia which typically affects an entire lobe of the lung

Back 53

Lobar pneumonia

Front 54

Type of pneumonia in which patches of infection are scatered along porions of the bronchial tree

Back 54

bronchopneumonia

Front 55

lung infections caused by inhalation of vomit or other infective material

Back 55

aspiration pneumonia

Front 56

Types of pulmonary disorder

Back 56

Restrictive and Obstructive

Front 57

Disorder that inhibit inspiration, reduce pulmonary volumes and capacities such as inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity

Back 57

Restrivtive pulmonary disorders

Front 58

Broad term used to describe conditions of progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow

Back 58

COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 59

Pt's with this have chronic difficulties with breathing, mainly emptying their lungs, and have visibly hyperinflated chests

Back 59

COPD

Front 60

Pulmonary disorder that involve restriction (reduced stretch) of the alveoli

Back 60

Restrictive Pulmonary disorder

Front 61

percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as dissolved carbon dioxide

Back 61

10%

Front 62

percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as carbaminohemoglobin

Back 62

20%

Front 63

percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as Bicarbonate ions

Back 63

70%

Front 64

chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles characterized by edema and excessive mucus production, which block air passages

Back 64

Chronic bronchitis

Obstructive

Front 65

As air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge, their walls rupture and then fuse into large irregular spaces

Back 65

Emphysema

Front 66

Obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages

Back 66

Asthma

Front 67

Characterized by muscle contractions that narrow the airways, making breathing difficult as well as inflammation (edema and excessive mucus production)

Back 67

Asthma