Ch. 12 - Vaccines

Front 1

For safe injection, correct ____________of vaccines is crucial.

Back 1

reconstitution

Front 2

Storage:

Vaccines must be stored at appropriate _________________ according to manufacturer instructions.

Back 2

temperatures

Front 3

Vaccines must be mixed with the correct _______________.

Back 3

diluent

Front 4

Errors in reconstituting vaccines: (4)

Back 4

1. label missing from vial

2. wrong diluent used

3. using sterile water or saline

4. vaccine or diluent not stored at correct temp

Front 5

Why shouldn't we use sterile water or saline to reconstitute a vaccine in place of the diluent?

Back 5

Diluents contain additives that make the vaccine more effective.

Using sterile H20 or saline makes the vaccine less effective.

Front 6

1. When should the vaccine be reconstituted?

2. Reconstituted vaccines should be kept ____________________________.

3. Discard reconstituted vaccines after ______ hours.

Back 6

1. when it is needed, just before injection

2. cool and out of sunlight

3. SIX

Front 7

Protocol for Administering Vaccines: (5)

Back 7

1. Read the label - make sure you have matching diluent / vaccines

2. check expiration date

3. inject ALL of diluent into vaccine

4. remove needle and gently mix

5. use a NEW needle to give injection (sharp)

Front 8

Vaccines are given to simulate _____________ against an _______________ disease.

Back 8

immunity

infectious

Front 9

Active Immunity:

Passive Immunity:

Back 9

Active: The body responds to antigens by producing antibodies

Passive: Immunoglobulins in colostrum provide temporary protection

Front 10

Vaccination involved ______________ exposure to antigens without ________________________.

Vaccines must be of the correct ____________ to stimulate immunity.

Back 10

deliberate

development of actual disease

DOSE

Front 11

Immunity should last ____________________.

Vaccines should not induce __________________ or ________________.

Vaccines should be _____________________________ and ___________.

Back 11

several years

hypersensitivity or autoimmunity

easy to store & use, inexpensive

Front 12

Inactive / "Killed" Vaccines

1. How are they made?

Back 12

1. by growing virus in a tissue culture, then treating it so that it CANNOT REPRODUCE

Front 13

Inactive / "Killed" Vaccines

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Back 13

Advantages:

• low risk of infection
• use of the WHOLE virus stimulated immunity to antigens in their natural state

Disadvantages:

• Periodic boosters are required (because virus cannot reproduce)

Front 14

Sub-unit vaccines contain __________ _____________ rather than _____________ ______________.

Back 14

purified antigens

whole organisms

Front 15

Sub-unit vaccines

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Back 15

Advantages:

• not infectious

Disadvantages:

• Does not stimulate immune system as well as whole organisms
• Slow antigen release in body (given with adjuvants)

Front 16

Attenuated Vaccines:

Are grown in a tissue culture under conditions that make it _____________ ______________.

AKA ________________ vaccines.

Back 16

less virulent

"weakened"

Front 17

Attenuated Vaccines:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Back 17

Advantages:

• has the ability to multiply
• therefore less virus is required in vaccination

Disadvantages:

• Virus may (rarely) go back to virulent form and cause disease

Front 18

Modified Live Virus Vaccine:

1. What are they? (Live organisms from what?)

2. pathogenic or non-pathogenic?

3. Not recommended in animals receiving _________________________.

4. Long-lasting immune response because __________________________________________.

Back 18

1. from a different strain

2. NON-pathogenic, yet still able to stimulate a protective immune response

3. immunosuppressive agents

4. they multiple inside host

Front 19

Recombinant Vaccines

____________ for desired virus are inserted into a vector, usually a ______________.

Examples:

2 K9

2 Avian

Back 19

Genes, virus.

Lyme

Distemper

Avian Influenza

Newcastle Disease

Front 20

Recombinant Vaccines

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Back 20

Advantages:

• safe
• pure
• potent
• effective
• vaccine is not exposed to pathogen
• no adjuvants required
• stable (sometimes at ambient temps)

Disadvantages:

• Cost to develop
• Genes for desired antigens must be located, cloned, and expressed in vector

Front 21

Toxoids:

Vaccines are used when a _____________ toxin is the main cause of illness.

Inactivated or "_____________" toxins have been treated with _______________.

Example.

Back 21

bacterial

detoxified

formalin

Ex. Tetanus

Front 22

Autogenus Vaccine:

1. Prepared from material collected from an __________ _____________ for administration to the __________ ____________.

2. Utilized as a ____________ ___________ tool.

3. It fills the void when ___________ __________ _______ emerge and there is no available vaccine.

4. Example

Back 22

1. individual animal / same animal

2. herd health

3. new disease agents

4. Addison Autogenous Bacterin Program

Front 23

5 Possible Routes of Vaccine Administration

Back 23

1. SQ

2. IM

3. IN

4. Orally

5. Transdermal

Front 24

Common Core Vaccines for DOGS:

DA2PL-PC

What is it?

Back 24

D = Distemper

A2 = Adenovirus Type 2

P = Parainfluenza (minor part of kennel cough)

L = Leptospirosis

P = Parvo

C = Coronavirus

Front 25

Routes of Administration For...

1. Bordatella:

2. Lyme:

3. Rabies:

Back 25

1. Bordatella: IN or Orally

2. Lyme: SQ

3. Rabies: IM or SQ

Front 26

Which of these three are always given separately?

Bordatella

Lyme

Rabies

Back 26

Bordatella

Rabies

Front 27

Common Core Vaccine - Felines

FVRCP

What is it?

Back 27

FVR = Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

C = Calicivirus

P = Panleukopenia

Front 28

There are other feline combo vaccines that include things like ____________ and ____________.

The patient's ____________ will determine their need for these vaccines

Calici virus (on its own?) is given how?

Back 28

FeLV, Chlamydia

environment

IN (intra-nasally)

Front 29

Vaccine Reactions:

1. For the most part are they common or uncommon?

2. What is the reaction that is of most concern?

3. Which two vaccines are most associated with causing sarcomas?

4. What type of vaccines are they?

Back 29

1. Uncommon

2. Vaccine-associated sarcoma in cats

3. FeLV and Rabies

4. Killed

Front 30

Vaccine-associated sarcomas typically develop __________________ to ______________ after vaccination.

Back 30

3 months to 3 years

Front 31

What are adjuvants and what do they do?

Examples (3)

Back 31

Pharmacological agents / substances added to vaccines that increase antigenic response

1. Bacteria

2. Complex Carbohydrates

3. Aluminum salts

Front 32

Which of the 3 types of adjuvants have been mostly identified with sarcomas (identified in up to 42% of the macrophages that infiltrate these sarcomas)

Back 32

Aluminum salts

Front 33

Vaccine sarcomas are usually well demarcated by a _____________ ______________.

They are highly invasive and ______________ is common.

Back 33

fibrous capsule

metastasis

Front 34

Which vaccines should be administered SQ over the RIGHT SHOULDER

(as distally as possible)

4

Back 34

1. Panleukopenia

2. Chlamydia

3. Calici

4. Herpes

Front 35

Which vaccine should be administered SQ in the LEFT HIND LEG?

Back 35

FeLV

Front 36

Where should a rabies vaccine be administered?

How?

Back 36

Right Hind Leg

SQ or IM

Front 37

What are of the body should be avoided when giving vaccines?

Back 37

Intrascapular regions

Front 38

Why is SQ route recommended?

Back 38

Earlier detection of sarcomas -

earlier detection / diagnoses = higher cure rate, we hope.