Ch 1- What Is Health Psychology?

Front 1

What is the definition of health?

Back 1

a "complete state of mental, physical, and social well being, and not just the absence of disease or infirmity"

Front 2

Describe what a health behavior is.

Back 2

Any behavior that can affect you health (can be both positive or negative)

Front 3

Health behaviors include...

Back 3

- health practices (exercising, sleeping)
- safety practices (smoke alarms, first aid)
- preventative practices (using sunblock)
- hazard avoidance (avoiding polluted areas)
- substance avoidance (not smoking, drinking to excess)

Front 4

4 aspects that health psychology focuses on:

Back 4

1) Health promotion and maintenance
2) Psychological aspects of prevention and treatment of illness
3) Etiology aspects of prevention and treatment of illness
4) Analyze and improve health care system and policies (HMOs, PPOs)

Front 5

Etiology is the outlook for recovery and future progress
T/F

Back 5

F
Etiology is the root causes or source

Front 6

Trephination (drilling holes in the skull) is an example of a ______ culture exhibiting an understanding of a mind/body relationship.

Back 6

stone age cultures

Front 7

Hippocrates proposed the ______ theory of illness and personality.

Back 7

Humoral

Front 8

Sanguine humor

Back 8

Overabundance of blood

carefree, happy, outgoing, many friends

Front 9

Choleric humor

Back 9

Overabundance of yellow bile

temperamental, brash, rigid,
irritable

Front 10

Melancholic humor

Back 10

Overabundance of black bile

sad, depressed, quiet, withdrawn

Front 11

Phlegmatic humor

Back 11

overabundance of mucus

conservative, non emotional, slow to warm up

Front 12

What was the primary mind/body relationship during the middle ages?

Back 12

Mysticism and religion

disease were god's punishment, drive out evil by torturing the body

Front 13

The ____ time period stressed the importance of mind and body.

Back 13

RENAISSANCE

Front 14

Dualism is________.

Monism is _______.

Back 14

... mind and the body are separate

... mind and the body are in integrated whole

Front 15

Freud connected with the rise of modern psychology through the "hysterical conversion" proposal, which hypothesized that patients exhibited symptoms along with a physical cause.

T/F

Back 15

F. Hysterical conversion is related to exhibiting symptoms with no physical cause.

Front 16

an ULCER PRONE personality exhibits an excessive need of ____ and ____.

Back 16

dependency and love

Front 17

a PAIN-PRONE personality exhibits lots of ___, ____, and _____ kept inside.

Back 17

guilt, self punishment, and stress

Front 18

Ulcers, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, colitis, and asthma are examples of diseases related to emotional conflicts.

T/F

Back 18

True.

Front 19

A psychosomatic illness is .....

Back 19

a condition that is affected by psychological factors.

Front 20

Why has the field of Health Psychology thrived in recent years?

Back 20

1) A change in the pattern of illness (acute --> chronic)
2) changes in how illnesses were studied
3) expanded health care services
4) increased medical acceptance of psychologists
5) The field's demonstrated contributions to health
6) contributions of research methodologies
7) creation of the Bio-psychosocial model

Front 21

Changing patterns of illness is a lesser reason as to why health psychology has thrived.

T/F

Back 21

False. It is the most fundamental reason!

Front 22

Previously: _____ illnesses = main cause of death.

Recently: ____ illness = main cause of death

Back 22

acute

chronic

Front 23

Significance of chronic illnesses:

Back 23

- chronic diseases have psychological and sociological causes

- longer duration, more social and psychological implications

Front 24

____ is the study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of illness over a particular period of time.

Back 24

epidemiology

Front 25

Morbidity:

Back 25

the number of cases of a disorder that exists at a POINT in time

Front 26

Types of morbidity:

Prevalence

Back 26

number of new AND old cases (still have it at that point in time)

Front 27

Types of morbidity:

Incidence

Back 27

new cases of a disease, newly diagnosed

Front 28

Types of morbidity:

Lifetime prevalence

Back 28

newly diagnosed, currently diagnosed, diagnosed but recovered

Front 29

Mortality

Back 29

number of deaths due to a given illness

Front 30

Pre-morbid

Back 30

Condition of on prior to disease, may be predictive to the illness overall.

Front 31

What is the current state of expanded health care services?

Back 31

- Health care dollar increased from $1billion to $1trillion
- 16.9% population uninsured
- service or quality has not increased

Front 32

How has psychology contributed to heath care costs? What is the issue?

Back 32

Issue: Medical cost offset vs: Medical disease offset

Psychologists did not lower the medical costs, but they have lower the disease rates, leading to future lower costs and increased quality of life for their patients

Front 33

How were psychologists allowed to be accepted into the health care provider arena?

Back 33

Psychologists were given CPTs (current procedural terminology) in 2000 that allowed them to bill insurance for service to work independently

Front 34

An experiment is...

Back 34

manipulating and controlling variables, in a systematic and precise way

Front 35

How would you conduct correlational research?

Back 35

By measuring the relation AMONG variables, and not manipulating them individually

Front 36

Making predictions means that you...

Back 36

suggest outcomes.

Front 37

How would a "risk factor"(predictor of a health behavior) look like in an experiment?

Back 37

there would be a significant relationship between the two variables.

Front 38

Correlation =/= causality due to...

Back 38

- directionality (does a cause b, or does b cause a?)

- 3rd variable not accounted for

Front 39

What is longitudinal research?

Back 39

when you follow one groups of participants/subjects over time

Front 40

Looking backward in time at a group to see if they have anything in common is an example of ____ ______.

Back 40

retrospective research

Front 41

Looking at multiple previous studies, and using each study as a data point is an example of a _______.

Back 41

meta-anaylsis

Front 42

What are some limitations of the biopsychosocial model?

Back 42

1) it is reductionistic (looks @ cellular level)
2) looks at a single factor
3) Assumes mind/body dualism
4) emphasizes illness over health

Front 43

The biopsychosocial model...

Back 43

assumes health and illness are the result of many factors and also result themselves on one's well-being and happiness, and effects one's environment as well.

Front 44

All factors reciprocally determining one another, all involved factors can be capable of determining one each other is an example of _____.

Back 44

reciprocal determinism

Front 45

What are the 3 domains of health?

Back 45

1) Biological (physical health - current biological state, predispositions to disease)

2) Psychological (personality and traits, coping skills and mechanisms of individuals, resources)

3) Social (SES, social support networks, larger social environment)

Front 46

What are a few implications of the biopsychosocial model?

Back 46

- diagnosis should consider all three levels and interactions of the levels

- recommendations for treatments should also consider all three levels to be truly effective

- more importance should be placed on the relationship between the patient and the provider **(stress this)