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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name of the flower that Emmalene brought to class?
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PASSION FLOWER
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What is the butterfly that gets nectar from the Passion Flower?
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PASSION FLOWER BUTTERFLY
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Name one way the passion flower evolved.
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To look like it had eggs on its leaves to keep away the butterflies. Also, cyanide.
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Which hormone is responsible for triple response growth and fruit ripening?
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ETHYLENE
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What is the Triple Response for seed growth?
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1. Slow growth
2. Thicken 3. Bend |
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Abscission of leaves:
What? When? Why? How? |
-Falling of leaves
-Fall -Lose too much water if kept -ETHYLENE |
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What hormone is responsible for seed dormancy? seed growth?
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ABA, Gibberelins
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What hormone closes the stomata to prevent water loss?
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ABA
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What is salicylic acid?
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Defense mechanism for plants. WEEPING WILLOWS
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Circadion rhythms?
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24 hour cycle for plants and animals and what not.
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What is the name of the plant that is sensitive to touch?
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Mimosa pudica. Sensitive plant. Touch-me-not.
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What is the mimosa pudica's response to touch/wind?What is another plant that does this?
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pumps water out through motors with potassium. VENUS FLY TRAP.
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What does a plant do in drought?
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close stomata (ABA), curl up leaves, slow growth, deepen roots.
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#1 cause of house plant deaths.
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OVERWATERING.
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What is a plant that loves water?
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PAPYRUS AND MANGROVES
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What is a halophyte?
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A salt loving plant.
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What do plants do in heat stress?
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transpiration to cool it down, heat shock proteins to prevent denaturing.
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What does a plant do in cold stress? Why are sudden frosts bad?
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Plant keeps cell membrane moving with unsaturated fats and cholesterol. It doesn't have time to prepare for sudden frosts.
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Defense against herbivores?
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thorns, toxins, trichomes, EX RICING AND CASTER BEAN FOR TOXINS
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Parasitoid wasps?
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Plant sends out signal to wasps when a caterpillar is eating it, wasp plants larvae in caterpillar and kills caterpillar.
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Defense against pathogens?
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Gene for gene recognition, hypersensitive response, acquire defense (salicylic acid)
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How is soil formed?
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Weathering of rocks and organisms over thousands of years.
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What is in soil?
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inorganic matter, water, air, organic matter
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Three types of soil and best soil ever.
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Sand, silt, clay, LOAM
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What is loam made of?
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40% silt, 40% sand, 20% clay
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What is humus?
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Top layer of soil with dead/decomposing organisms.
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Most plentiful life in soil and roles?
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moles, ants, bacteria, worms, fungi.
aerate, aerate, decompose, aerate, decompose. |
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Top 3 essential elements.
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CARBON, OXYGEN, HYDROGEN.
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Nitrogen is used for?
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DNA, PROTEINS, CHLOROPHYLL
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What is hydroponics? Advantages, disadvantages?
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Growing plants in water. It gives the plant exactly what is needed but is EXPENSIVE.
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What is a beneficial fungus and what does it give plants?
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Mycorrrhizae and nutrients and water found in roots.
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Two types of organic fertilizer.
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Compost, fish meal, manure.
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Inorganic fertilizer makeup. Advantages, disadvantages.
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NPK 777. Fast acting and exactly what the plant needs but expensive.
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Major sources of runoff? Results?
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Golf courses and neighborhoods. ALGAL BLOOM.
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Bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation?
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Rhizobium.
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What are the forms of nitrogen a plant needs?
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Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3-)
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What plants have rhizobium.
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LEGUMES. Alfalfa, peanuts, clover.
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Phototropism
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Plant response to light. Auxin tells cells to fill up on shaded side to bend plant.
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Gravitropism.
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Tells the roots to go down. AUXIN.
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Thigmotropism
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Plant response to touch. AUXIN. Tendrils wrap around things.
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What is a hormone?
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Chemical messenger.
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Auxin does what?
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Phototropism, gravitropism, thigmotropism, fruit development.
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What is apical dominance?
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the terminal bud will grow up (taller but not wider)
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Benefits/drawback of herbicides and example.
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Kill weeds but not grass, AGENT ORANGE. AUXIN.
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Gibberelins are responsible for?
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stem elongation, fruit development, flowering, seed germination.
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CYTOKININS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR?
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cell division, apical dominance (lateral growth), prevent aging, makes shoots.
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What moves root to shoot?
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XYLEM.
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Benefits of transpiration?
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evaporation/cooling and MINERALS.
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Root pressure? Guttation?
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pushing up xylem (1 ft), when water is pushed out of plant.
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What is moved in phloem and in what direction?
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sucrose, source to sink.
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How do flowers reproduce?
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sperm (pollen) + egg = seed
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LIST SOME MALE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
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Stamen - male part
Anther - releases pollen filament - supports anther |
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FEMALE PARTS
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Pistil - female part
stigma - sticky for pollen style ovary - fruits ovule - unfertilized egg |
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PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU KNOW FLOWER IMAGE.
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OKay.
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What is self-pollination?
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same flower pollinates or same plant different flower.
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What is cross pollination and why is it important?
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different plants, provides genetic variation.
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How to prevent self-pollination?
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genetic - self incompatibility
different flower arrangements - anatomy doesn't match Monoecious - one house Diecious - 2 houses (one male plant one female) |
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Pollination. Flower benefits and animal benefits.
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Flowers - get pollinated
Animals - get food like nectar and pollen |
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How to attract pollinators?
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color, smell, size
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What is the most important pollinator and what are they attracted to?
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BEES and blue, yellow, purple flowers. can see uv light/ nectar guides.
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What is the main problem with bee hives?
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CCD. Colony Collapse disorder.
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What is the stinkiest flower?
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carrion flower
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Birds? What species? attractions?
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humminbird, no smell, lots of nectar, red orange yellow
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Bats? attractions?
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white flowers, good smelling
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butterflies? what attracts?
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red, bright colors and strong smell
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Moths? prefers?
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WHITe Flowers
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What type of flowers are wind pollinated?
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no scent, no nectar, small, no color
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What is double fertilization?
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pollen lands on stigma, goes into tube w/ tube cells, first sperm fuses with egg and creates embryo, second fuses w/ 2 nuclei to create the endosperm.
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What are three parts of a seed?
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seed coat, embryo, endosperm/cotyledon
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WHAT IS THE FIRST TO EMERGE FROM A SEED.
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ROOTS, SON.
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What types of seeds are spread by wind?
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small seeds, ex dandelions and maple seeds.
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Why is it good if an animal eats a seed?
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they poop it out in another place.
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WHAT ANIMALS BURY SEEDS?
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squirrels, birds, ants.
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What are burs?
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hooked seeds such as devil thorns
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BIGGEST SEED EVAR.
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COco de mer.
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What is the thing that attracts ants and makes them bury seeds?
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elaiosomes
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What are benefits of ants burying seeds?
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dead ants = fertilizer
already in ground. |
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What type of fruit is most fruits?
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Simple fruits, fleshy and dry
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Name types of fruits and examples.
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Berry - tomato
Drupe - peach Legume - peanut Nut - acorn Aggregate fruit - blackberry multiple fruit - pinapple accessory - strawberry |
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What are some things a seed need before germination?
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imbibition, scarification, heat.
beans have to do scarification. |
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Name three types of leaf number/ arrangement stuff.
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palmately compound, pinnately compound, simple
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What are ways leaves are organized/arrange?
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alternate, whorled, opposite
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How the veins run?
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Pinnately netted, palmately netted, parallel.
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What is the outer layer of leaf made up of?
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cuticle, upper epidermis
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NAME SOME LEAF CROPS?
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cabbage, rhubarb, spinach, lettuce, celery, herbs.
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What are some leafy herbs?
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cilantro, bay leaves, basil, parsley
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What opens the stomata besides the hormone?
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the guard cells.
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why is the stomata important?
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gas exchange including potassium.
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what is transpiration?
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loss of water through stomata
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Why do leaves fall off?
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because if they stayed they would lose too much water in winter
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What are two things that make leaves fall?
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wind, gravity
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why did plants move to land?
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less predators, stability, unfiltered sunlight, nutrients
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Why is it bad for a plant to move?
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less water.
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What was the first thing on earth?
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green algae
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what was the first plant?
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mosses
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What are three types of bryophytes?
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moss, liverwort, hornwort,
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What are four types of plants?
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BRYOPHYTES, SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS, ANGIOSPERMS, GYMNOSPERMS
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What are four types of gymnosperms?
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cycads, gnetophytes, conifers, ginkgoes
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how do mosses reproduce and why did they have to stay close to water/
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flagellated sssspeeeerrrrrmmmm.
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What does it mean to be a vascular plant?
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have a xylem and phloem.
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What is the type of moss to grow in peat bogs?
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sphagnum moss
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What is the man mummified in peat bog and why? how did he die?
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tollund man, the peat bog was acidic and there was no O2 or bacteria. he was probably hung or dragged.
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TWO TYPES OF SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS.
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lycophytes, and feeerrrrnss.
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what do SVPs have instead of seeds?
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spores.
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How was coal formed/
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layer of sediment over ferns.
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what is the baby leaf of a fern called?
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fiddlehead
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what are three types of year plants?
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perennial - lives year to year
annual - lives a year biannual - lives two years |
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WHO DID WHAT FOR THE PLANT PROJECTS?
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chris - juniper
Dennis - fir lea - redwood dylan - yew emmalene - hemlock savannah - cypress katherine drew- cedar caroline - pine me - larch |
