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55 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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term for study of fungi
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mycology
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what are the 4 phyla of fungi?
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ascomycota, basidiomycota, chytritiomycota, zygomycota
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what sets chytridiomycota apart from the 3 other phyla?
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has flagellated spores
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what separates zygomycota from the other phyla?
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it produces zygotes
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what separates ascomycota apart from the other phyla?
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the ascus
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what separates ascomycota apart from the other phyla?
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ascus-saclike reproductive structure
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what separates basidiomycota from the other phyla?
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club-like reproductive structure called basidium
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this is a club like reproductive structure only found in basidiomycota
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basidium
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what is an example phyla for chytridiomycota?
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allomyces or rhizophydium
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how are fungi classified?
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by life cycles and modes of reproduction
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in what habitats do fungi exist?
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marine, terrestrial, and freshwater
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do fungi possess any organs or organ systems?
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don't have tissues
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how do fungi obtain food?
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mycelium grow into food source digestion begins immediately
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what is a saphrotroph?
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a heterotrophic organism that gets nutrients from non living matter
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what is the life cycle of a fungus that reproduces asexually?
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1)spore producing structure 2)spores 3)germination 4) mycelium
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what's the life cycle for a fungus that reproduces sexually?
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1)haploid mycelium of different mating types 2) plasmogamy-fusion of cytoplasm 3) heterokaryotic stage 4) karyogamy-fusion of nuclei 5)zygote 6) meiosis 7) spore producing structures 8) spores 9) germination
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what are the reproductive characteristics the asexual reproduction of zygomycota?
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asexual reproduction is more common. hyphae produce sporangiaphores. sporangiophores produce sporangia. sporangia are shed into the wind above food substrate
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what are the characteristics of sexual reproduction in zygomycota?
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haploid nuclei join forming diploid zygote nucleus. zygosporangium develops where fusion took place.
what develops inside the zygosporangium? |
zygospore
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what are the characteristics of asexual reproduction in ascomycota?
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modified hyphae that form conidiophores at tips
what do conidiophores produce? |
conidia
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what separates conidia from hyphae?
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septa
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what are the characteristics of sexual reproduciton in ascomycota?
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haploid nucleus develops in ascus
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what are the characteristics of reproduction in basidiomycota?
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karyogammy occurs in basidium yeilding only diploid cell of the life cycle.
what immediately follows karyogammy? |
meiosis
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what are the characteristics of reproduction in basidiomycota?
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karyogammy occurs in basidium yeilding only diploid cell of the life cycle.
what immediately follows karyogammy? |
meiosis
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in basidiomycota what are the four products of meiosis turned into?
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basidiospores
where do basidiospores form? |
ends of basidia on sterigmata
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what are the sexual reproductive characteristics of deuteromycota?
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sexual reproduction hasn't been observed in the irregular fungi
what about asexual characteristics? |
spores are produced
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what spore is unique to zygomycota?
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zygospore
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what spore is unique to ascomycota?
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ascospore
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what spore is unique to basidiomycota?
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basidiospore
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what spore is unique to deuteromycota?
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conidiaspores
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why are some fungi characterized as imperfect(deuteromycota)?
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they don't reproduce sexually. have no spores or produce spores only asexually
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describe the structure of lichens
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most of visible body is fungus. between filaments of fungus are cyanobacteria, green algae or both.
what part of the fungus holds on to the algae or cyanobacteria? what part of algae does it hold on to or penetrate? |
hyphae.cell walls, but not plasma membrane.
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what benefits does the fungi receive in the lichen symbiosis?
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direct transfer of nutrients from algae inside them
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what are the 3 types of lichens that exist?
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1)crustose 2)foliose 3) fruticose
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these lichens appear flattened and grow close to substrate
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crustose
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these lichens appear leaflike with lobes knotted tightly against substrate
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foliose
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these lichens grow erect from substrate and have many branches
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fruticose
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these are mutualistic symbiotic relationships between 90% of all plant families roots and certain kinds of fungi
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mycorrihizae
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what portion of plant families have mycorrihizae?
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90%
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what ecological term refers to the relationship between plants roots and fungi- mycorrihizae
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mutualism
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list 3 differences between fungi and plants
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fungi are: heterotrohic, cell walls composed of chitin, no vascular tissue
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what term is used for asexual spores produced by fungi?
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conidiaspores
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how are fungi beneficial commercially?
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6161 tons of edible mushrooms are produced annually worldwide
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what are some common animal diseases caused by fungi?
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ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis(thrush), mold allergies, yeast infection
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what are common plant diseases caused by fungi?
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corn smut, dutch elm disease, ergot of rye, potato blight
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this is a spore characteristic to zygomycota. it's has a thick coat to protect from harsh elements. and can contain one or more nuclei
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zygospore
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how many diploid nuclei can a zygospore contain?
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one or more
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this is the fruiting body of ascomycota that produces spores for dispersal
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ascocarp
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this is the sexual spore bearing cell of ascomycota fungi
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ascus
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this is the sexual reproductive structure of basidiomycota
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basidiocap
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these are continuous or branching tubes filled with cytoplasm and multiple nuclei others are long chains of cells joined end to end and divided by septa
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hyphae
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this is a hyphae with only one nucleus
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monokaryotic
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hyphae with two nuclei
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dikaryotic
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a mass of connected hyphae. can be many meters long
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mycelium
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how large can mycelium be?
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many meters long
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these are the cells of sexual reproduction
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fruiting bodies
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