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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxytocin |
-Synthesized in the hypothalamus, luteal cells (ovary), uterus, and fetal membranes. -Stored in and released from posterior pituitary (from hypothalamus). -Increases rate and force of uterine contractions, and milk release with prolactin. -Given by IV, or nasally post-partum. -No major adverse effects. -Antagonized by progesterone and atosiban. |
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Vasopressin |
-Synthesized by the hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary. -Released by drop in blood pressure (V2 baroreceptors) or increase in tonicity (V1 osmoreceptors). -Promotes water retention in the kidneys and vasoconstriction. -Can be used for diabetes, bed wetting, or stabilizing. -Administered IV, IM, or nasally (desmopressin, long acting). |
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Bone mineral homeostatic imbalance |
-Neuromuscular excitability. -Skeletal structure support disturbance. Loss of hematopoietic capacity. |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
-Increases serum Ca2+ and lowers PO4- -Promotes bone remodeling, and resorption at high levels. -Promotes renal Ca2+ absorption, and PO4- excretion. |
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Vitamin D (calcitriol) |
-Increases serum Ca2+ AND PO4- -Promotes Ca2+ AND PO4- absorption by kidney and intestinal tract. Increases bone resorption., improves mineral density. -Directly suppresses PTH production. |
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Calcitonin |
-Lowers serum Ca2+ AND PO4- -Inhibits osteoclasts (lowers bone resorption) -Reduces reabsorption of Ca2+ and PO4- in the kidneys. |
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Estrogens (in bone) |
-Oppose PTH production and slow bone resorption. -Increase the levels of vitamin D. |
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Osteoporosis |
-Abnormally low bone mass caused by mineral loss. -Primary osteoporosis affects postmenopausal women due to a lack of estrogen. -Secondary makes up the rest; not getting enough minerals/loss due to other factors. |
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Osteoporosis risk factors |
1°: Female gender, Caucasian, Smoking, History of prior fracture, Age, Low weight and body mass index, Familial history. 2°: Diet, GI disease, hyperparathyroidism, Liver disease, Alcoholism, Vitamin D deficiency, Certain drugs eg. corticosteroids |
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Osteoporosis prevention/therapy |
-Maintain high calcium; exercise, high intake, and healthy reproductive endocrinology. -Prevent/treat with Raloxifene (SERM), Bisphosphates, PTH analogues, Calcitonin, and Vitamin D. |
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Raloxifene (SERM) |
-Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator; acts on bone and liver estrogen receptors. -Treat and prevent osteoporosis; does not prevent hot flashes. |
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Bisphosphates (Risendronate) |
-Best therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. -Inhibits osteoclasts, but not mineralization. |
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PTH Analogues (Teriparatide) |
-Recombinant PTH, daily SC injections. -Treatment of osteoporosis by new bone formation. |
