Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Main functions of bone |
-support -protection -movement -electrolyte and ph balance -blood formation |
|
|
|
Types of bones and examples |
Flat bones- cranial, sternum, scapula, ribs, hip bones
Long bones- bones of limbs, hands and feet
Short bones- carpals and tarsals, patella all bones equal in length and width
Irregular bones - vertebrae, sphenoid, and ethmoid of the skull |
|
|
|
What are the cells of the osseous tissues? |
Osteogenic- the stem cells of bones give rise to osteoblasts
Osteoblasts- non mitosis immature bone cells secrete soft organic matrix
Osteocytes- mature osseous cells that are trapped in the bone matrix
Osteoclasts- bone cells that break down bone come from hemocytoblasts |
|
|
|
What is the bone matrix comprised of? |
Organic components- made by osteoblasts includes collagen fibers, gag, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
Inorganic components- hydroxy apatite and various ions |
|
|
|
Anatomical features of spongy bone (3) |
-trabeculae: slivers of bone -osteocytes witting lacunae -no center all canals |
|
|
|
Anatomical features of compact bone (3) |
- comprised of osteons -haversian or center so canals that hold the bv and nerves -lacunae- small cavities that trap osteocytes -canaliculi -channels that connect lacunae Perforating volkmanns canals- canals that connect central canals |
|
|
|
What are the hormones of the osseous tissue and where they come from |
Calcitonin- comes from thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (pth)- released from parathyroid
Calcitrol- from vitamin D synthesis |
|
|
|
Hypercalcemia is? |
Calcitonin is released into the blood stream it increases or osteoblasts deposition of bone shuts off osteocyte |
|
|
|
Hypocalcemia? |
Pth gets released and increased calcitrol production - decreases bond deposition -increases osteoclast activity Increases calcium absorption -reduces kidney secretion of calcium in urine |
|
|
|
What tissues are in the epidermis? |
Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
|
What are the tissues of the dermis? |
Superficial - loose areolar connective tissue Deep layer- dense irregular connective tissue |
|
|
|
How does the epidermis receive nutrients? |
The underlying connective tissue |
|
|
|
What are the cells of the epidermis? (5) |
Stem, keritinicytes, melanocytes, tactile and dendritic cells |
|
|
|
What cells are in the dermis? |
Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes |
|
|
|
What is the function of mast cells? |
Releases histamine and heparin |
|
|
|
What gives skin it's color? |
Melanin |
|
|
|
What are the common bone fractures? |
Open-compact Closed- simple Comminuted- broken in 3 or more places Green stick- broken on one side bent on the other |
4 |
|
|
Four main steps in fracture repair ( ffbb)? |
1.formation of fracture hematoma 2. Fibrocartiliginous callus formation 3. Bony callus forms 4. Bone remodels |
|
|
|
3 common bone diseases |
Osteomyelitis- bacterial infection Osteogenesis imperfecta- seen at birth bones fracture easily imperfection with collagen Osteocarcinoma- cancer of the bone |
|
