Athabasca Biol Ch 2: The Chemical Level Of Organization

Front 1

The Principle Elements of the Human Body

Back 1

Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N),

Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Iron (Fe), Sulfur (S), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl).

Front 2

Atom

Back 2

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of it's element.

Front 3

Ion

Back 3

An atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge because it has an uneven amount of electrons and protons.

Front 4

Molecule

Back 4

Two or more ions of the same or different kinds that share electrons.

Front 5

Nucleus

Back 5

The dense central core of an atom.

Front 6

Proton

Back 6

A positively charged subatomic particle that is contained inside of the nucleus.

Front 7

Neutron

Back 7

A subatomic particle that has no positive or negative charge and is contained inside of the nucleus.

Front 8

Electron

Back 8

A negatively charged subatomic particle that floats around the outside of the nucleus in a cloud that is organized into electron shells.

Front 9

Isotopes

Back 9

Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers due to having different numbers of neutrons.

Front 10

Compound

Back 10

A molecule that is made up of more than one kind of atom or ion.

Front 11

Free Radical

Back 11

A molecule that has an unpaired electron in it's outermost shell.

Front 12

Chemical Bond

Back 12

The forces holding molecules or compounds together.

Front 13

Valence Shell of Electrons

Back 13

The outer most electron shell of an atom or ion.

Front 14

Ionic Bond

Back 14

The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges that lose or gain electrons to each other.

Front 15

Covalent Bond

Back 15

The bond that is formed when two or more atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shells.

Front 16

Hydrogen Bond

Back 16

Forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts nearby atoms with a partial negative charge.

Front 17

Anion

Back 17

An ion with a negative charge.

Front 18

Cation

Back 18

An ion with a positive charge.

Front 19

Electrolyte

Back 19

An ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution.

Front 20

Polar

Back 20

Two atoms sharing electrons equally

Front 21

Nonpolar

Back 21

Two atoms sharing electrons unequally

Front 22

Chemical Reaction

Back 22

The breaking and creating of bonds between atoms.

Front 23

Metabolism

Back 23

All chemical reactions occurring within the body.

Front 24

Catalyst

Back 24

A chemical compound that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur.

Front 25

Synthesis Reaction (Anabolism)

Back 25

When two or more atoms, ions or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules.

Front 26

Decomposition Reaction (Catabolism)

Back 26

When larger molecules are split apart into smaller atoms, ions or molecules.

Front 27

Exchange Reaction

Back 27

A reaction that consists of both synthesis and decomposition reactions.

Front 28

Reversible Reaction

Back 28

A reaction in which the products can revert back to the original reactants.