Apes Chapter 15 Test Review

Front 1

Powers cars and machinery using oil

Back 1

Internal combustion engine

Front 2

In order to get high-quality energy you must use high-quality energy

Back 2

First Law of Thermodynamics

Front 3

Some high quality energy is always degraded in each step of its use

Back 3

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Front 4

The total amount of high quality energy available after the energy needed to make it available is subtracted

Back 4

Net energy

Front 5

The energy ratio that shows net energy loss

Back 5

Ratio <1

Front 6

The energy ratio that shows net energy gain

Back 6

Ratio >1

Front 7

Energy with low or negative net energy yields are still used over other energy alternatives because of

Back 7

Government subsidies

Front 8

The point at which pressure in a well begins to drop and production begins to decline

Back 8

Peak production

Front 9

Most energy in the US comes from

Back 9

Coal

Front 10

Ample supplies in many countries, high net energy yield, low cost

Back 10

Advantages of using coal

Front 11

Severe land disturbance, water pollution, fine particle & toxic mercury emissions, emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants when burned

Back 11

Disadvantages of using coal

Front 12

Made of bitumen, water, clay, and sand

Back 12

Oil sand

Front 13

Ample supply for several decades, high net energy yield, low land disruption, and efficient distribution system

Back 13

Advantages of using conventional oil

Front 14

Water pollution from spills and leaks, releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants when burned, and is vulnerable to international supply interruptions

Back 14

Disadvantages of using conventional oil

Front 15

Pesticides, paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, cleaning fluids and medicines

Back 15

Bi-products of oil distillation

Front 16

The primary gas in natural gas

Back 16

Methane

Front 17

Ample supplies, high net energy yield, and emits less carbon dioxide and other air pollutants than other fossil fuels.

Back 17

Advantages of using conventional natural gas

Front 18

Low net energy yield as a liquid, releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants when burned, difficult and costly to transport

Back 18

Disadvantages of using conventional natural gas

Front 19

Found in tundra permafrost

Back 19

Methane hydrate gas

Front 20

Produced from the gasification of coal; has higher carbon dioxide emissions than coal, but lower sulfur emissions

Back 20

Synfuels

Front 21

Emits 1/6 as much carbon dioxide as coal, Low environmental impact, low risk of accidents in modern facilities

Back 21

Advantages of nuclear fission

Front 22

Very low net energy yield, produces long-lived radioactive wastes, promotes the spread of nuclear weapons

Back 22

Disadvantages of nuclear fission

Front 23

No risk of nuclear accidents, no radioactive materials produced, could be used to destroy toxic wastes, could produce electricity to produce hydrogen fuel

Back 23

Advantages of nuclear fusion

Front 24

Too expensive; uses more energy than is produced, still in laboratory stage

Back 24

Disadvantages of nuclear fusion

Front 25

Most used form of coal; high heat content; high sulfur content

Back 25

Bituminous coal

Front 26

Low heat and sulfur content; limited supplies in most areas

Back 26

Lignite

Front 27

Partially decayed plant and animal matter in swamps and bogs

Back 27

Peat

Front 28

Highly desirable fuel; supplies are limited; high heat content and low sulfur content

Back 28

Anthracite

Front 29

The fastest, cheapest, and most environmentally beneficial source of energy

Back 29

Cutting energy waste

Front 30

A combustable organic material that is a component of tar sand/oil sand

Back 30

Bitumen

Front 31

Fuel for a nuclear reactor, which is mined from the Earth's crust

Back 31

Uranium-235

Front 32

The most serious nuclear accident in the Soviet Union

Back 32

Chernobyl

Front 33

The most serious nuclear accident in the US

Back 33

Three Mile Island