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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of Arsenic.
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-Natural, wood preservative, industry, underground
-Cancer, nausea, death -Carcinogen -Regulated by EPA, OSHA |
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of Lead.
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-Batteries, pipes, cosmetics, toys, old paint, used to be in gas
-Cancer, kidney damage, miscarriages, neurological damage -Carcinogen, neurotoxin, teratogen (birth) -EPA (banned in gas and paint) |
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of Mercury.
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-Coal-burning power plants, thermometers, light bulbs, fish
-Cancer, nerve damage, birth defects, kidney damage -Carcinogen, neurotoxin, teratogen -EPA (water), FDA (sea food), OSHA |
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of DDT.
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-Used to kill mosquitos (bioaccumulates)
-Thin shells in birds -Endocrine disruptor, possible carcinogen -Banned in most countries |
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of PBDEs.
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-Flame retardants, used in textiles, plastics, electronics
-Breast milk effects embryo -Endocrine disruptor -California and EU have banned certain types |
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Give the sources, concerns, category, and regulation of BPA.
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-Plastics, can linings, therm receipts (non bioaccumulative)
-Obesity? Neurological problems? Fertility -Endocrine disruptor -Canada and EU regulate in baby bottles |
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What is a dose-response curve?
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-Mortality % on y-axis, exposure on x-axis.
-LD-50 when 50% mortality |
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What is an example of a dose-response curve?
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Endocrine disruptors; "upside down U curve"
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What was the Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act?
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1938 by FDA
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What is FIFRA?
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-Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
-By EPA -Regulates pesticides |
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What is OSHA?
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-Occupational Safety and Health Administration
-Workplace |
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What is TSCA?
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-Toxic Substances Control Act
-By EPA -Synthetic chemicals |
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What was the Food Quality Protection Act?
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-Created after E.Coli breakouts
-All effects on humans -1st act that considered children/babies -Reduced time to get rid of a pesticide |
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What factors lead to over-fishing?
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More advanced technology, gear, and boats
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What was masking the recent declines in fisheries?
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Fisherman going out further so returning with same amount of fish (but more effort)
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What is "fishing down the food web"?
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We are eating new fish we weren't before b/c we are over-fishing top of food web (serial depletion)
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What is bycatch?
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Unintended catch (large nets) that ruins biodiversity
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What are 4 fishing practices?
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1. Drift netting= gills nets (different sized holes), gills get stuck. Lower bycatch
2. Bottom-trawling= drag net across bottom. High bycatch 3. Long-line fishing= buoys with hooks on a line. Some by catch 4. Purse-seine fishing= circle net and pulled in, good for environment. Low bycatch |
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What's the difference between Marine Protected Areas and Marine Reserves?
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-MPAs= protected (usually targets 1 species), but still human contact
-Reserves= no human contact so fish can breed |
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Where are most fish located?
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Costal areas due to upwelling (wind vs. nutrients)
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How much available fresh water is there to humans?
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Less than 1%
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How do we use our water?
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-US=industry
-Globally (India)= agriculture -Lithuania= domestic |
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How do we get our water?
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1.Rain
2.Surface water=lakes, rivers, streams 3.Groundwater= 1/3 of population uses. Water table (top of water), confined and unconfined aquifers 4.Desallinization=removing salt, reverse osmosis (water from ocean, filters water diffuses across membrane). |
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What are problems with extracting surface water?
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Over-extraction. Ex. Aral Sea (used for agriculture, dried up) and Colorado River (temp change, doesn't make it to ocean)
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What is the Ogallala aquifer?
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Largest in the world, being depleted (over-extraction)
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What are problems with getting water from groundwater?
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-Over-extractions= exceeding recharge rates, can lead to subsidence (sinkholes)
-Salt water intrusion= costal areas -Development= slows down recharge rates |
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What are problems with using desalinization?
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-Expensive
-Water can still taste bad -Salt waste= gets dumped into ocean (bad) |
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What are 2 ways to manage water?
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1. Dams= problems (evaporation, SEE QUIZ). 3 Gorges Dam (China, huge, displaced millions, power will replace 18 coal plants)
2. Diversion projects= California (aqueducts) |
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What are possible water pollutants?
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1. Sewage= from leaks, runoff, floods, diversion. Disease-causing (Giordia), cause enrichment (eutrophication)
2. Sediments 3. Nutrients (inorganic) 4. Organic/nonorganic chemicals= DDT, solvents, heavy metals, ect. 5. Radioactivity 6. Thermal (hot/cold)= from a dam (cold), from factories using water as a coolant (hot) |
