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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzyme |
Protein that acts as biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction |
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Substrate |
Reactant on which enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to proceed |
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Catalyst |
Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being chemically changed or part of the product |
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Salivary amylase site of action |
Mouth |
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Pancreatic amylase site of action |
Small intestine |
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What is digested by amylase? |
Starch & disaccharides |
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What are starch & disaccharides digested into? |
Oligosaccharides & disaccharides |
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What are building blocks of disaccharides & Oligosaccharides? Site of action? |
Building blocks- monosaccharides Site of action: small intestine |
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What breaks down proteins? |
Pepsin |
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Pepsin site of action |
Stomach |
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Source of pepsin |
Stomach glands in presence of hcl |
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Pepsin breaks down protein to what? |
Large polypeptides |
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Name the pancreatic enzymes that break down protein |
Trypsin Chymotrypsin Carboxypepyidase |
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Site of action for pancreatic enzymes |
Small intestine |
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Pancreatic enzymes break down large polypeptides into what? |
Small polypeptides & small peptides |
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Building blocks of polypeptides? Site of action? |
Building blocks: amino acids Site of action: stomach & small intestine |
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What digests lipids? |
Bile salts |
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What makes bile salts? |
Liver |
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How do bile salts break down lipids? |
They emulsify fat Mechanical not chemical breakdown |
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Fx of bile in digestive process |
Make droplets smaller Not an enzyme or chemical process. Doesn't break bonds |
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What else breaks down lipids? |
Pancreatic lipase |
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Pancreatic lipase emulsifies fats into what 2 products? |
- monosaccharides & fatty acids Or - glycerol & fatty acids |
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Building blocks of lipids: |
-monoglycerides & fatty acids Or -glycerol & fatty acids |
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What happens if ph is outside of normal range? |
Little to no enzyme activity |
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What happens if you boil the enzyme? |
Irreversibly denatures enzyme so no activity |
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What happens when you freeze the enzyme? |
It slows the activity but may not stop it completely |
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What happens during buccal phase of digestion? |
-tongue pushes bolus back against soft palate -soft palate rises to close off nasal passages as bolus enters pharynx , where involuntary phase begins |
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What happens during laryngeal portion of involuntary digestion phase? |
-larynx rises so epiglottis covers opening & relaxation of upper esophageal sphincter allows food to enter esophagus |
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What happens during the pharyngeal portion of involuntary digestion? |
-peristalsis of pharyngeal constrictor muscles force food through esophagus to stomach -upper esophageal sphincter contracts again as larynx & epiglottis return to former poisitions |
