Ap Psychology Exam Unit 7B

Front 1

Algorithm

Back 1

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error prone- use of heuristics

Front 2

Heuristics

Back 2

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone that algorithms

Front 3

Insight

Back 3

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution of the problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions

Front 4

Mental Set

Back 4

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Front 5

Functional Fixedness

Back 5

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving

Front 6

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 6

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

Front 7

Availability Heuristic

Back 7

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common

Front 8

Framing Effect

Back 8

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Front 9

Phoneme

Back 9

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Front 10

Morpheme

Back 10

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word aka a prefix

Front 11

Semantics

Back 11

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning

Front 12

Syntax

Back 12

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Front 13

Telegraphic Speech

Back 13

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs

Front 14

Noam Chomsky

Back 14

Said that although the specific language is learned, children are prewired with a capability to learn language

Front 15

Prototypes

Back 15

A mental image or best example of a category

Front 16

Language Acquisition Device

Back 16

Once grammar switches are thrown, learning new grammar (another language) becomes difficult

Front 17

Incubation

Back 17

Thinking about something for awhile, think about it in your head, and often try to come up with a conclusion