A&p Final - Ch. 5

Front 1

1- What is included in the cutaneous membrane?

Back 1

skin, associated hairs, nails, and exocrine glands

Front 2

3- List the basic skin functions

Back 2

1-Protection, 2- Excretion, 3- Regulates Body Temp, 4- Synthesizes vitamin D3, 5- Storage of Nutrients, 6- Provides sensory perceptions

Front 3

4- What are the two layers making up the skin?

Back 3

Epidermis & Dermis

Front 4

7- Most of the cells in the epidermis are ______________? What do they produce?

Back 4

Keratinocytes, keratin

Front 5

8-List the 5 layers of the epidermis starting with the innermost layer.

Back 5

1- Stratum Germinativum, 2- Stratum Spinosum, 3-Stratum Granulosum, 4- Stratum Lucidum, 5- Stratum Corneum

Front 6

13- What are the 3 cell types of the stratum germinativum?

Back 6

Basal, Merkel, Melanocytes

Front 7

14- Which of those 3 types are the stem cells?

Back 7

Basal

Front 8

15- Which of those 3 types provide information to the nervous system about object that touch the skin?

Back 8

Merkel

Front 9

16- Which of those 3 types produce melanin?

Back 9

Melanocytes

Front 10

28- What 2 things does skin color depend on?

Back 10

blood supply & pigments

Front 11

33-How do melanocytes respond to ultraviolet radiation?

Back 11

Slowly respond (sunburn) by producing melanin (tan)

Front 12

34- Why is ultraviolet radiation harmful?

Back 12

Causes mutations in DNA, Promotes cancer, and Damages fibroblasts

Front 13

44-What do aging, hormones, and ultraviolet radiation do to the dermis? What does this cause?

Back 13

ultraviolet radiation reduce the amount of elastin in the dermis which produces wrinkles and sagging

Front 14

57-What does the hypodermis consist of?

Back 14

loose connective tissue and fat cells – extensive energy reserve

Front 15

59- What are the 3 accessory structures of the skin?

Back 15

Hair and hair follicles, Glands in the skin, Nails

Front 16

70- What are the functions of hair on the head? Nostrils and ears?

Back 16

Head hair- Protect from UV, Cushion Blow to head, insulate skull
Nostrils & ear hair - Prevent foreign particles and insects from getting in.

Front 17

81- What are the two main glands types in the skin?

Back 17

Sebaceous (oil) glands & Sweat Glands

Front 18

82- What type of glands are sebaceous glands? (how do they release the secretion)

Back 18

Holocrine glands, Discharge sebum into a lumen and intio a hair follicle.

Front 19

89- Where are merocrine sweat glands found? What do they produce?

Back 19

entire surface of body, produce a watery secretion known as sensible perspiration.

Front 20

90- What are the functions of merocrine sweat glands?

Back 20

Cool skin & lower body temp, excrete water and electrolytes, protection from environmental hazards.

Front 21

101- The integument can respond automatically in response to stress without the involvement of _______________________________________-.

Back 21

the nervous or endocrine

Front 22

105- Describe the 4 steps of integument repair.

Back 22

1-bleeding at the injury site; inflammatory response
2-scab (blood clot) forms at the surface – restricts entry of additional microorganism
3- fibroblast and mesenchymal cell division produce mobile cells that migrate to the injury
4- clot dissolves, fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue

Front 23

109- Describe the effects of aging on the integument.

Back 23

Aging affects all the components of the integumentary system.

-Epidermis thins – older people prone to injury and skin infections
-Number of Langerhans cells decrease à reduce sensitivity of immune system
-Vitamin D3 production declines à leads to muscle weakness and reduced bone strength
-Melanoctye activity declines à more sensitive to sun exposure, more sunburns
-Glandular activity declines à older people cannot loose heat as fast (can overheat)
-Reduced blood supply to the dermis
-Hair follicles stop functioning or produce thinner hairs; gray or white hair
-Dermis thins and elastic fiber network decrease in size à sagging and wrinkling occur
-Secondary sexual characteristics in hair and body-fat distribution begin to fade
-Skin repairs are slow à recurring skin infections