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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1- What is included in the cutaneous membrane?
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skin, associated hairs, nails, and exocrine glands
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3- List the basic skin functions
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1-Protection, 2- Excretion, 3- Regulates Body Temp, 4- Synthesizes vitamin D3, 5- Storage of Nutrients, 6- Provides sensory perceptions
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4- What are the two layers making up the skin?
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Epidermis & Dermis
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7- Most of the cells in the epidermis are ______________? What do they produce?
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Keratinocytes, keratin
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8-List the 5 layers of the epidermis starting with the innermost layer.
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1- Stratum Germinativum, 2- Stratum Spinosum, 3-Stratum Granulosum, 4- Stratum Lucidum, 5- Stratum Corneum
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13- What are the 3 cell types of the stratum germinativum?
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Basal, Merkel, Melanocytes
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14- Which of those 3 types are the stem cells?
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Basal
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15- Which of those 3 types provide information to the nervous system about object that touch the skin?
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Merkel
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16- Which of those 3 types produce melanin?
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Melanocytes
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28- What 2 things does skin color depend on?
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blood supply & pigments
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33-How do melanocytes respond to ultraviolet radiation?
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Slowly respond (sunburn) by producing melanin (tan)
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34- Why is ultraviolet radiation harmful?
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Causes mutations in DNA, Promotes cancer, and Damages fibroblasts
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44-What do aging, hormones, and ultraviolet radiation do to the dermis? What does this cause?
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ultraviolet radiation reduce the amount of elastin in the dermis which produces wrinkles and sagging
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57-What does the hypodermis consist of?
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loose connective tissue and fat cells – extensive energy reserve
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59- What are the 3 accessory structures of the skin?
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Hair and hair follicles, Glands in the skin, Nails
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70- What are the functions of hair on the head? Nostrils and ears?
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Head hair- Protect from UV, Cushion Blow to head, insulate skull
Nostrils & ear hair - Prevent foreign particles and insects from getting in. |
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81- What are the two main glands types in the skin?
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Sebaceous (oil) glands & Sweat Glands
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82- What type of glands are sebaceous glands? (how do they release the secretion)
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Holocrine glands, Discharge sebum into a lumen and intio a hair follicle.
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89- Where are merocrine sweat glands found? What do they produce?
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entire surface of body, produce a watery secretion known as sensible perspiration.
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90- What are the functions of merocrine sweat glands?
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Cool skin & lower body temp, excrete water and electrolytes, protection from environmental hazards.
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101- The integument can respond automatically in response to stress without the involvement of _______________________________________-.
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the nervous or endocrine
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105- Describe the 4 steps of integument repair.
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1-bleeding at the injury site; inflammatory response
2-scab (blood clot) forms at the surface – restricts entry of additional microorganism 3- fibroblast and mesenchymal cell division produce mobile cells that migrate to the injury 4- clot dissolves, fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue |
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109- Describe the effects of aging on the integument.
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Aging affects all the components of the integumentary system.
-Epidermis thins – older people prone to injury and skin infections -Number of Langerhans cells decrease à reduce sensitivity of immune system -Vitamin D3 production declines à leads to muscle weakness and reduced bone strength -Melanoctye activity declines à more sensitive to sun exposure, more sunburns -Glandular activity declines à older people cannot loose heat as fast (can overheat) -Reduced blood supply to the dermis -Hair follicles stop functioning or produce thinner hairs; gray or white hair -Dermis thins and elastic fiber network decrease in size à sagging and wrinkling occur -Secondary sexual characteristics in hair and body-fat distribution begin to fade -Skin repairs are slow à recurring skin infections |
