A&p Final Ch 4, 5 & 6

Front 1

4 primary tissues

Back 1

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

Front 2

Epithelial tissue

Back 2

Covering, lining & glandular tissue of body

Front 3

Functions of epithelial tissue

Back 3

Protection
Absorption
Excretion
Filtration
Secretion
Sensory reception

Front 4

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

Back 4

Specialized contacts
Polarity
Avascularity
Support from connective tissue
High regenerative capacity

Front 5

Simple vs stratified epithelial

Back 5

Simple -1 layer
Stratified- 2+ layers

Front 6

3 cell shapes

Back 6

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Front 7

Simple squamous epithelium

Back 7

Walls of air sacs of lungs
Lines blood vessels

Front 8

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Back 8

Glands
Kidney tubules

Front 9

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

Back 9

Lines most of digestive tract

Front 10

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue

Back 10

Lines upper respiratory tract

Front 11

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Back 11

Esophagus & vagina
Resist abrasion
Keratinized form forms skin epidermis

Front 12

Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue

Back 12

Rare
Large glands

Front 13

Transitional epithelial tissue

Back 13

Modified stratisfied squamous
Hollow urinary organs
Stretchable

Front 14

Gland

Back 14

One or more cells specialized to secrete a product

Front 15

Exocrine glands

Back 15

Release outside cell

Front 16

Endocrine glands

Back 16

Release into cell

Front 17

Connective tissue

Back 17

Most abundant & widely distributed tissue in body

Front 18

Connective tissue functions

Back 18

Binding & support
Protection
Insulation
Fat storage
Transportation (blood)

Front 19

Characteristics of connective tissue

Back 19

Originate from mesenchyme
Have matrix
Varying degrees of vascularity

Front 20

-blast

Back 20

Mateix secreting

Front 21

-cyte

Back 21

Mature cell

Front 22

Chondroblast

Back 22

Fibroblast of cartilage

Front 23

Osteoblast

Back 23

Fibroblast of bone

Front 24

Loose connective tissues

Back 24

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Front 25

Areolar connective tissue

Back 25

Soft packaging around organs

Front 26

Adipose
Loose connective tissue

Back 26

Insulates & protects body organs
Reserve fuel

Front 27

Reticular
Loose connective tissue

Back 27

Lymphoid organsbone marriw

Front 28

Types of dense connective tissue

Back 28

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Front 29

Dense regular connective tissue

Back 29

High tensile strength
Tendons & ligaments

Front 30

Dense irregular connective tissue

Back 30

Resust tension from many anglrs
Dermis of skin
Organ capsules

Front 31

3 types of cartilage

Back 31

Hyaline - fetal skeleton, articular surfaces of bones, trachea
Elastic - ear & epiglottis
Finrocartilage- intervertebral discs & knee

Front 32

Osseous tissue

Back 32

Bone
Skeleton

Front 33

Types Of muscle tissue

Back 33

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Front 34

Skeletal muscle

Back 34

Movrs skeleton
Striated & cylindrical cells

Front 35

Cardiac muscle

Back 35

Walls of heart
Pumps blood
Cells are branched & striated

Front 36

Smooth muscle

Back 36

Walls of hollow organs
Propel substances through organs
Spindle shaped non-striated cells

Front 37

Nervous tissue

Back 37

Forms organs of nervous system

Front 38

Two types of tissue repair

Back 38

Regeneration
Fibrosis

Front 39

Steps in tissue repair

Back 39

Blood clots
Clot replaced with granulation tissue
If mitotic, tissue regenerates
If too damaged, only replaced with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Front 40

2 layers of skin

Back 40

Epidermis
Dermis

Front 41

Characteristics of epidermis

Back 41

Avascular
Keratinized
Stratified squamous

Front 42

Layers of the epidermis

Back 42

Stratum corneum
Granulosome
Spinosum
Basale

Front 43

Stratum lucindum

Back 43

Only in thick skin

Front 44

Where new cells for epidermal growth

Back 44

Stratum basale

Front 45

Dermis is composed of

Back 45

Dense irregular connective tissue
Glands, hair follicles, cutaneous receptors reside in dermis

Front 46

2 layers of dermis

Back 46

Papillary
Reticular

Front 47

Papillary layer of dermis contains

Back 47

Dermal ridges
With epidermis ridges form fingerprints

Front 48

Reticular layer of dermis contains

Back 48

Deeper layer of dermis
Contains dense interwoven connective tissue fibers

Front 49

Appendages of skin

Back 49

Hair
Hair follicles
Nails
Glands (sweat & subaceous)

Front 50

Composition of hair

Back 50

Central medulla
Cortex
Outer cuticle
Root
Shaft

Front 51

Sweat glands

Back 51

Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine sweat glands - thermoregukarion
Appocrine sweat glands- scent glands under arms & genital regions

Front 52

Subaceous glands

Back 52

Oil glands
Everywhere except palms & soles
Simple alveolar glands
Produce eccrine secretion called sebum
Usually empty onto hair follicles

Front 53

Functions of integumentary system

Back 53

1. Protection
2. Body temp regulation.
3. Cutaneous sensation
4. Metabolic functions (vit D)
5. Blood resevoir
6. Excretion

Front 54

3 types of skin cancer

Back 54

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma - most dangerous

Front 55

Biggest threat from burns

Back 55

Dehydration
Secondary bacterial infection

Front 56

Degrees of burn

Back 56

1st- epidermis red
2nd epidermis red with blisters
3rd epidermis & dermis

Front 57

Epidermis develops from

Back 57

Embryonic ectoderm

Front 58

Vellus hair vs terminal hair

Back 58

Vellus - soft hair of newborn
Terminal- adult hair

Front 59

4 types of bones

Back 59

Flat
Short
Long
Irregular

Front 60

Flat bone composition

Back 60

Two thin layers of compact bone surrounding a spongy layer
Short & irregular bones resemble flat bones structurally

Front 61

Long bones have 2 parts

Back 61

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends)

Front 62

Diaphysis contains

Back 62

Medullary cavity containing yellow marrow

Front 63

Epiphyseal line

Back 63

Remnant of epiphyseal plate from childhood

Front 64

Periosteum

Back 64

Covers diaphysis

Front 65

Endosteum

Back 65

Lines inner bone cavities

Front 66

Covers joint surfaces

Back 66

Hyaline cartilage

Front 67

Hematopoeitic tissue found where

Back 67

In adults - in diploe of flat bones & sometimes epiphysis of long bones
In infants- in medullary cavity

Front 68

5 types of bone cells

Back 68

Osteogenic cells
Osteocytes ( bone maintenance)
Bone lining cells
Osteoclasts (bone destroying cells)
Osteobladts ( bone building cells)

Front 69

Structural unit of compact bone

Back 69

Osteon

Front 70

Lamallae

Back 70

Circles of bone matrix surrounding central canal

Front 71

Canniculi

Back 71

Connect osteocytes on lacunae to eachh other & centeal canal

Front 72

Osteoid

Back 72

Organic substances excreted by osteoblats that give bone its yensile strength

Front 73

Inorganic bone components

Back 73

Hydroxyapatite (calcium salts)
Make bone hard

Front 74

Intramembranous ossification

Back 74

Forms clavicles & most skull bones
Ground substance of bone matrix secreted within fibrous membrane to form bone.

Front 75

Endichondryl ossification

Back 75

Osteobladts secrete matrix forming bone collar
Periosteal bud appears

Front 76

Interstitial growth

Back 76

Increase in length along epiphyseal plate

Front 77

Appositional growth

Back 77

Increases bone diameter

Front 78

Pth

Back 78

Released when blood calcium levels are low
Osteoclasts digest bone matrix & release into blood; raising blood calcium levels

Front 79

Steps in bone repair

Back 79

Hematoma
Fibrocsrtillage callus
Bony callus
Bone remodeling

Front 80

Osteomalacia & rickets

Back 80

Poor bone mineralization
Inafequate bit D

Front 81

Osteoporosis

Back 81

Any condition where. Bone breakdown outpaces bone grrowth

Front 82

Pagets disease

Back 82

Excessive & abnormal bone remodeling