Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Risogimento |
(1800s) Political and social movements in Italy that led the Italian states to become unified under the Kingdom of Italy. |
|
Victor Emmanuel II |
(1820-1878) First King of Italy from 1861-1878. Fought the Crimean War and the Second and Third Italian Wars of Independence. |
|
Camillo di Cavour |
(1810-1861) First Prime Minister of Italy and advocate for Italian unification. |
|
Giuseppe Garibaldi |
(1807-1882) Italian general and politician who fought and commanded many parts of the Italian Wars of Independence. |
|
William I |
(1797-1888) First German Emperor and first Head of State of the unified Germany. Achieved the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire. He was a conservative. |
|
German National Association- 1859 |
A liberal political organization aimed at created a liberal, parliamentary Lesser Germany that did not include Austria and was led by Prussia. |
|
Otto von Bismarck |
(1816-1898) Conservative Prussian statesman who created a series of wars that unified Germany under Prussian leadership while excluding Austria. |
|
Realpolitik |
A system of politics and diplomacy that is based off of current circumstances rather than ideology, morality, or ethics. Practiced by Otto von Bismarck. |
|
Schleswig & Holstein |
Northernmost part of the German Confederation but was ruled by Denmark, leading to the Danish War. Austria and Prussia were meant to jointly rule Schleswig & Holstein. |
|
Battle of Sadowa |
(1866) The final battle of the Austro-Prussian War, which Prussia won. Allowed the "Lesser Germany" unification plan to be put in place. |
|
North German Confederation |
A confederation of 22 German states that served as the precursor to a unified Germany. |
|
Franco-Prussian War |
(1870) A war between the French Empire and the Prussians/Germany. Prussia wanted to expand Germany, France wanted to keep the balance of power. Germans won, Second French Empire fell, German Empire formed, ended by the Treaty of Frankfurt. |
|
Francis Joseph |
(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria. He opposed nationalism and constitutionalism. Lost the Austro-Prussian War, allowing Prussia's plan for a German state to be put into place. Started a series of alliances that led to WWI. |
|
Ringstrasse |
Street in Vienne displayed bourgeois lifestyle with grandiose buildings, massive Gothic style cityhall. |
|
Alexander von Bach |
(1813-1893) Austrian politician best known for creating a system of centralized control in Austria at the beginning of Franz Joseph's reign. |
|
Dual Monarchy |
A system in which two otherwise completely separate kingdoms are ruled by the same person, have the same foreign policy, and have a shared military. Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy. |
|
Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 |
An agreement that created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. |
|
Nationality Law of 1868 |
A Hungarian law that stated that there could be no differentiation between them except in respect of the official usage of the current languages. Minority languages were abolished. |
|
Crystal Palace |
Building erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age. |
|
Queen Victoria |
(1819-1901) Queen of England. Her reign is known as the Victorian era. Under her rule, the British Empire expanded and a constitutional |
|
Tsar Alexander II |
(1818-1881) Emperor of Russia.He is most known for freeing the serfs of Russia in 1861. He sold Alaska to the US and was mostly a pacifist. |
|
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
(1819-1861) Prince of the UK and Queen Victoria's husband. He supported educational reforms, the abolition of slavery, and helped develop Britain's constitutional monarchy. |
|
Great Expulsion |
The forced removal of the Acadian people (those descended from the French) from their lands in Canada. Part of Britain's military campaign against New France. |
|
Charles Darwin |
(1809-1882) English naturalist and scientist. He is known for his theory of evolution, which was revolutionary in biology and science. |
|
Samuel Smiles |
(1812-1904) Scottish author and government reformer who advocated for progress that came from new attitudes rather than new laws. His book, "Self-Help", is considered the epitome of Victorian liberalism. |
|
The Crimean War |
(1853-1856) A war fought between Russia and alliance of France, Britain, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire. Initially fought over religion, France and Britain helped the Ottomans in order to prevent Russian expansion. |
|
Sultan Mahmud II |
(1784-1839) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated into the Decree of Tanzimat. |
|
Florence Nightingale |
(1820-1910) English social reformer and nurse. She is famous for her achievements as a nurse during the Crimean War and became an icon of British culture. |
|
The Peace of Paris |
(1783) The treaties that ended the American Revolutionary War. Britain ended its First Empire and France sustained heavy financial losses. |
|
Repeal of Corn Laws 1846 |
Allowed Britons to freely trade grain and other goods with people in other countries. |
|
Respectability |
Morality in England personified by the Queen. It centered on the family and strict rules about public comportment. |
|
New Model Unions |
Trade unions in the 1850s-60s in Britain for highly skilled workers. |
|
William Gladstone |
(1809-1898) Prime Minister of England, he was conservative and then became liberal later on. |
|
Benjamin Disraeli |
(1804-1881) British Prime Minister who helped create the Conservative Party. |
|
Household Suffrage |
In England, the right to vote given to men who owned homes. |
|
Reform Bill of 1867 |
Allowed more urban, working class men to vote. |
|
Edwin Chadwick |
(1800-1890) English social reformer who worked to improve sanitation and public health. |