Airway Management

Front 1

pyriform fossa

Back 1

On either side of the laryngeal orifice is a recess, (also piriform recess, pyriform sinus, or piriform fossa). The fossae are involved in speech. It is significant as a common place for foreign body entrapment and for "packing" of drugs. It is also a potential space for misplacement of an endotracheal tube.

Front 2

epiglottis

Back 2

a leaf-shaped cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Front 3

vallecula

Back 3

depression between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue.

Front 4

arytenoid cartilage

Back 4

form the posterior border of the glottis, and are an important landmark for endotracheal intubation.

Front 5

Sellick maneuver

Back 5

posterior displacement of the cricoid ring to occlude the esophagus and decrease the risk of aspiration.

Front 6

Atelectasis

Back 6

collapse of alveoli

Front 7

Which mainstem bronchus is straighter, and more likely to be inadvertently intubated.

Back 7

Right mainstem bronchus

Front 8

The primary muscle of ventilation is the

Back 8

diaphragm

Front 9

Nervous system control of breathing comes from the

Back 9

medulla

Front 10

Innervation of the diaphragm comes from the ______________ nerve.

Back 10

phrenic

Front 11

The average adult male tidal volume is _______ mL per breath.

Back 11

500 mL

Front 12

The average adult respiratory rate is _____-_____ per minute.

Back 12

12-20

Front 13

Respiratory rate X tidal volume =

Back 13

Minute volume

Front 14

Gas exchange in the alveoli occurs due to differences in partial pressures causing _____________ of gases across the semi-permeable membrane.

Back 14

diffusion

Front 15

Normal ETCO2 is ____-____.

Back 15

35-45

Front 16

A pulse oximetry reading less than ____ indictes the patient is in serious distress and requires immediate airway intervention.

Back 16

85%

Front 17

Normally our brain receives the stimulis to increase respiratory rate and depth when our _____ level ____________.

Back 17

CO2 increases

Front 18

Hypoxic drive is caused by _________. In this condition, the patients stimullis to increase rate and depth of ventilations occurs when _________________.

Back 18

COPD, O2 levels decrease

Front 19

The most common cause of airway obstruction is the __________.

Back 19

tongue.

Front 20

Eupnea is

Back 20

a normal respiratory pattern.

Front 21

_______________ respirations are rapid, deep respiration due to diabetic ketoacidosis.

Back 21

Kussmaul's

Front 22

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Back 22

progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with slowing, shallow respirations. This breathing pattern indicates brainstem injury.

Front 23

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

Back 23

Deep, rapid respirations due to increased intracranial pressure.

Front 24

Agonal or apneustic respirations

Back 24

Shallow, infrequent, irregular respirations.

Front 25

Biot's respirations

Back 25

an irregular pattern of rate and depth of breathing with sudden episodes of apnea.

Front 26

Kussmaul's respirations

Back 26

deep, rapid breathing commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Front 27

Coughing

Back 27

forceful exhalation of a large volume of air from the lungs. It serves as a protective mechanism to expell foreign matter from the lungs.

Front 28

Sneezing

Back 28

sudden, forceful exhalation from the nose.

Front 29

Hiccups (Hiccoughing)

Back 29

sudden inhalation caused by spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm with spastic closure of the glottis.

Front 30

Sighing

Back 30

Slo, deep, involuntary inhalation followed by prolonged exhalation. It serves to re-expand atelectatic alveoli.

Front 31

Grunting

Back 31

Forceful exhalation against a partially closed glottis--provides positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) to keep collapsing alveoli open.

Front 32

A pulse oximetry reading of _____% - _____% indicates mild hypoxia.

Back 32

91 -94% SpO2

Front 33

Normal pulse oximetry readings are considered anything at or above ______%.

Back 33

95% SpO2

Front 34

Pulse oximetry levels equal or less than ______% indicate severe hypoxi and the need for intervention.

Back 34

85% SpO2

Front 35

Moderate hypoxemia is indicated with a pulse oximetry reading of ____-____%.

Back 35

86-90% SpO2

Front 36

A nasal cannula delivers _____-_____% oxygen when set at 2-6 lpm.

Back 36

24-44%

Front 37

At 10-15 lpm oxygen, a non-rebreather mask can deliver _____-_____ % oxygen.

Back 37

80-100%

Front 38

To correctly perform the Sellick maneuver, gentle pressure must be applied in the posterior direction over the anterior aspect of the ___________ cartilage.

Back 38

cricoid

Front 39

For patients with suspect cervical spine injury, the airway should be opened using which airway maneuver?

Back 39

Modified Jaw-Thrust

Front 40

When possible, suction should be limited to _____ seconds.

Back 40

15

Front 41

To choose the correct size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the patient's

Back 41

front teeth to the angle of the jaw.

Front 42

To choose the proper size nasopharyngeal airway, you must chose one that is slighter ___________than the diameter of the nares, and measure the length from the nares to the ______________ of the ear.

Back 42

smaller, tragus of the ear

Front 43

Mouth to mouth or mouth to mask delivers _____% oxygen.

Back 43

16-17%

Front 44

BVM ventilations with no supplemental oxygen will deliver _____% oxygen.

Back 44

21%

Front 45

Should BVM's used an an emergency setting be equipped with a pop off valve?

Back 45

No

Front 46

Flow-restricted, oxygen powered ventilation devices should not be used in which subset of patients?

Back 46

Pediatrics less than 16 years of age, and patients with chest trauma.

Front 47

When using colormetric capnometry, which color indicates correct placement?

Back 47

Yellow
(Yellow for Yes)

Front 48

The curves laryngoscope blade is also called a _______________ blade.

Back 48

McIntosh (Curved like the apple.)