Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Acromegaly
|
Excessive secretion of the growth hormone in adulthood, after normal completion of body growth. Causes an overgrowth of the bone in the face, head, hands and feet but overall height does not increase. Internal organs also enlarge.
|
|
|
Hypopituitary Dwarfism
|
A deficiency in the growth hormone during childhood. Results in retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency.
|
|
|
Gigantism
|
Excessive secretion of the growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. Results in an overgrowth of the entire body. When this abnormality occurs during childhood (before the closure of bone epiphyses in puberty), increased height, weight, and delayed sexual development occurs.
|
|
|
Marfan's Syndrome
|
An inherited connective tissue disorder. Characterized by a tall, thin stature (greater than the 95th percentile). Also occurring is arachnodactyly (long, thin fingers), hyperextensible joints, an arm span greater than height, pubis-to-sole measurement exceeding crown-to-pubis measurement, sternal deformity, high-arched narrow palate, and pes planus. Will have early morbidity and mortality as a result of CV complications such as mitral regurgitation and aortic dissection.
|
|
|
Endogenous Obesity - Cushing's Syndrome
|
The pituitary creates excessive ACTH (adrenocorticotropin) which then signals the adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol. Characterized by excessive wt. gain et edema of the central trunk, cervical obesity (buffalo hump), and a round plethoric face (moon face), muscle wasting due to excessive catabolism, weakness, thin arms and legs, reduced ht, thin fragile skin c purple abd striae, bruising, and acne.
|
|
|
Pellagra
|
Pigmented keratotic scaling lesions resulting from a deficiency of niacin. Lesions are found prominently on skin areas exposed to sun (such as hands, forearms, neck and legs).
|
|
|
Scorbutic Gums
|
Caused by a deficiency in Vit. C. Gums are swollen, ulcerated, bleeding. Due to Vit C-induced defects in oral epithelial basement membrane and periodontal collagen fiber synthesis.
|
|
|
Bitot's Spots
|
Foamy plaques of the cornea that are a sign of Vit. A deficiency. Severe depletion may result in conjunctival xerosis (drying) and progress to corneal ulceration, and finally destruction of the eye (keratomalacia)
|
|
|
Rickets
|
Sign of Vit. D and Ca deficiencies in kids (disorders of cartilage cell growth, enlargement of epiphyseal growth plates) and adults (osteomalacia)
|
|
|
Magenta Tongue
|
Sign of riboflavin deficiency. In comparison, a pale tongue is r/t iron deficiency and a beefy red colored tonque is r/t Vit. B-complex deficiency
|
|
|
Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions (this'll be a long one folks so I'd just check it out)
|
Annular - aka circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery.
Confluent - where the lesions run together. Discrete - distinct, individual lesions that remain separate. Grouped - clusters of lesions. Gyrate - twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike. Target - aka iris, looks like the iris of an eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions. Linear - scratch, streak, line, or stripe. Polycyclic - annular lesions that grow together. Zosteriform - linear arrangement along a nerve route. |
|
|
Macule
|
Color change, flat, circumscribed, less than 1 cm. I.E. freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, measles, scarlet fever
|
|
|
Papule
|
You can feel it (solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm) and is caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. I.E. mole, wart, molluscum
|
|
|
Plaque
|
Papules that coalesce and form a surface elevation wider than 1 cm. Plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. I.E. psoriasis, lichen planus
|
|
|
Wheal
|
Superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, slightly irregularly shaped due to edema. I.E. mosquito bites, allergic rxns, dermographism
|
|
|
Nodule
|
Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into the dermis than a papule. I.E. xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi
|
|
|
Tumor
|
Larger than a few cm, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, benign or malignant. I.E. lipoma, hemangioma
|
|
|
Patch
|
Macules larger than 1 cm. I.E. mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash
|
|
|
Urticaria (Hives)
|
Where wheals coalesce to form extensive an rxn, intensely pruritic
|
|
|
Cyst
|
Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or SQ layer, tensely elevating skin. I.E. wen, sebaceous cyst
|
|
|
Pustule
|
Turbid fluid (pus) in cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. I.E. impetigo, acne
|
|
|
Bulla
|
Larger than 1 cm, usually single chambered (unilocular), superficial in epidermis, thin walled and can rupture easily. I.E. friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis
|
|
|
Vesicle
|
Elevated cavity c free fluid, up to 1 cm, clear serum flows as wall is ruptured. I.E. herpes simlex, early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis
|
|
|
Crust
|
Thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Color: red-brown, honey, or yellow. Largely depends on the fluid ingredients. I.E. impetigo, scab p abrasion, weeping eczematous dermatitis
|
|
|
Scale
|
Compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells. I.E. p scarlet fever or drug rxn, psoriasis, seborheic dermatitis, eczema, dry skin
|
|
|
Erosion
|
Scooped out but shallow depression, superficial, epidermis lost, moist but not bleeding, heals w/out scar
|
|
|
Fissure
|
Linear crack c abrupt edges, extends into dermis, dry or moist. I.E. cheilosis, athlete's foot
|
|
|
Ulcer
|
Deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar when heals. I.E. stasis ulcer, pressure sore, chancre
|
|
|
Scar
|
Normal tissue is lost p a skin lesion is repaired. Connective tissue (collagen) replaces normal tissue and is a permanent fibrotic change. I.E. acne, healed area from injury or surgery
|
|
|
Lichenification
|
Prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens skin and makes tightly packed sets of papules. Looks like the surface of moss
|
|
|
Excoriation
|
Self-inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes crusted, scratches from intense itching. I.E. insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella
|
|
|
Atrophic Scar
|
Skin level depressed c loss of tissue, thinning of the epidermis. I.E. striae
|
|
|
Keloid
|
Hypertrophic scar. Skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue and may increase p healing occurs. Looks smooth, rubbery, "clawlike," and is more prevalent in dark skinned people
|
|
|
Hematoma
|
A bruise that you can feel, elevates skin and swells, multiple petechiae and purpura may occur
|
|
|
Contusion (Bruise)
|
Large patch of capillary bleeding into tissues. Occurs from trauma, bleeding disorders, and liver dysfunction
|
|
|
Cavernous Hemangioma (Mature)
|
Reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels. May present at birth and enlarge during first 10-15 mos. Will not involute spontaneously
|
|
|
Strawberry Mark (Immature Hemangioma)
|
Raised bright red area c well-defined borders about 2-3 cm. Does not blanch c pressure and contains immature capillaries. Present at birth or develops in first few mos. Usually disappears by age 5 or 7. Needs no tx
|
|
|
Petechiae
|
Tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1-3 mm. Round, discrete, color = dark red, purple, or brown. Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries. Do not blanch. May indicate abnormal clotting factors. Look for petechiae c thrombocytopenia, subacute bacterial endocarditis, and other septicemias.
|
|
|
Purpura
|
Confluent and an extensive patch of petechiae and echymoses. >3 mm, flat, red to purple, macular hemorrhage. Found c thrombocytopenia, scurvy, and old age.
|
|
|
Impetigo
|
Moist, thin-roofed vesicles c a thin, erythematous base. Can rupture to form a thick, honey-colored crust. This is a contagious bacterial infection of the skin. Most common in infants and children.
|
|
|
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
|
Erythematous papules and vesicles that weep, ooze, and crusts over. Lesions usually are on the scalp, forehead, cheeks, forearms, wrists, elbows, and backs of knees. Paroxysmal and severe pruritus. Family hx of allergies.
|
|
|
Measles (Rubeola)
|
Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash that appears on the 3rd or 4th day of illness. First appears behind ears and spreads over face, then to the neck, trunk, arms, and legs. Looks 'coppery' and doesn't blanch. Also characterized by Koplik's spots in the mouth.
|
|
|
Chickenpox (Varicella)
|
Small tight vesicles that first appear on the trunk, then spread to the face, arms and legs (but not the palms or soles). Shiny and erythematous base - commonly called the "dewdrop on a rose petal." Erupts in succeeding crops over several days and become pustules, then crusts. Very pruritic.
|
|
|
German Measles (Rubella)
|
Pink papular rash that first appears on the face then spreads. Differentiated from measles by the presence of neck lymphadenopath and an absence of Koplik's spots. Similar to measles but paler.
|
|
|
Allergic Drug Rxn
|
Erythematous and symmetric rash. Usually generalized. Some drugs produce urticarial rash or vesicles and bullae. Hx of drug interaction.
|
|
|
Tinea Corporis (Ringworm of the Body)
|
Scales on the chest, abd, back of arms that form multiple circular lesions c clear centers. Hyperpigmented in whites and depigmented in dark-skinned people.
|
|
|
Tinea Pedis (Ringworm of the Foot)
|
Aka "Athlete's foot." Fungal infection that first appears as a small vesicle between toes, sides of feet, and soles. Then grows scaly and hard. Found in chronically warm and moist feet.
|
|
|
Psoriasis
|
Scaly erythematous patch c silvery scales on top. Usually on scalp, outside of elbows and knees, low back, and anogenital area.
|
|
|
Tinea Versicolor
|
Fine, scaling, round patches that are pink, tan, or white in color and that don't tan in sunlight. Caused by superficial fungal infection. Usually found on neck, trunk, upper arms. Most common in (otherwise healthy) young adults
|
|
|
Labial Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)
|
Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Has a prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity. Erupts c tight vesicles followed by pustules and then produces acute gingivostomatitis c many shallow painful ulcers. Commonly found on upper lip, oral mucosa and tongue.
|
|
|
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
|
Small grouped vesicles emerge along the route of a cutaneous sensory nerve, then change to pustules, then to crusts. Caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Unilateral and doesn't cross the midline. Commonly on the trunk, but can be anywhere. If on the ophthalmic branch of Cranial Nerve V, it poses a risk to the eye. Most common in adults >50 years. Pain is often severe and long lasting (which is called postherpetic neuralgia).
|
|
|
Basal Cell Carcinoma
|
Usually starts as a skin-colored papule c a translucent top and overlying telangiectasia. Then develops rounded pearly borders c a central red ulcer, or looks like a large open pore c central yellowing. Most common form of skin CA - slow but c inexorable growth.
|
|
|
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
|
Erythematous scaly patch c sharp margins - 1cm or more. Develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema. Usually on head and hands - areas exposed to solar radiation. Less common than basal cell carcinoma but grows rapidly.
|
|
|
Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap)
|
Thick, yellow to white, greasy, adherent scales c mild erythema on scalp and forehead. Common in early infancy. Distinguished from eczema by an absence of pruritus, "greasy" yellow-pink lesions, and a negative family hx of allergy.
|
|
|
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)
|
Intense itching of the scalp, especially on the occiput. Lice usually appear in the occipital area and around the ears as 2-3 mm oval translucent bodies, adherent to the hair shafts.
|
|
|
Beau's Line
|
A transverse furrow or groove on the nail. A depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed. Occurs c trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation such as acute illness, toxic rxn, or local trauma.
|
|
|
Onycholysis
|
Slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and more often toenails. Common in older adults. Nails have a change in color, texture, thickness, c nail crumbling or breaking, and loosening of the nail plate - usually beginning at the distal edge and progressing proximally.
|
|
|
Hydrocephalus
|
Obstruction of the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and an enlargement of the head. Also produces dilated scalp veins, frontal bossing, and downcast eyes (sclera visible above the iris). Cranial bones are thin, sutures become separated, and percussion yields a "cracked pot" sound (Macewen's sign).
|
|
|
Pilar Cyst (Wen)
|
Smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp. Skin is shiny and taut. It is a benign growth.
|
|
|
Parkinson's Syndrome
|
A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and degeneration of the basal ganglia in the brain. Immobility of the features produces a face that is flat and expressionless, "mask-like," c elevated eyebrows, a staring gaze, oily skin, and drooling.
|
|
|
Cushing's Syndrome
|
An excessive secretion of the corticotropin hormone (ACTH) and chronic steroid use makes the person develop a plethoric, rounded, "moonlike" face, prominent jowls, red cheeks, hirsutism on the upper lip, lower cheeks and chin, and an acneiform rash on the chest.
|
|
|
Cachectic Appearance
|
Accompanies chronic wasting diseases such as CA, dehydration, and starvation. Features sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, and an exhausted, defeated expression.
|
|
|
Scleroderma
|
"Hard skin." A rare connective tissue disease characterized by chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium, and skeletal muscles. Changes can occur in skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, and lungs. Hard, shiny skin on forehead and cheeks, thin pursed lips c radial furrowing, absent skinfolds, muscle atrophy on the face and neck, and an absence of expression.
|
|
|
Periorbital Edema
|
Lids are swollen and puffy. Excess fluid is easily apparent. Occurs c local infections, crying, and systemic conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergies, and hypothyroidism (myxedema).
|
|
|
Ptosis (Drooping Upper Lid)
|
Occurs from a neuromuscular weakness, oculomotor Cranial Nerve III damage, or sympathetic nerve damage. Gives a sleepy appearance and impairs vision.
|
|
|
Ectropion
|
Lower lid is loose and rolling out and doesn't approximate to the eyeball. Puncta can't siphon tears effectively, so there is excess tearing. Eyes feel dry and itchy. The palpebral conjunctiva is exposed and increased risk for inflammation. Occurs in aging or from trauma.
|
|
|
Blepharitis (Inflammation of the Eyelids)
|
Red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted lid margins occur c a staphylococcal infection or seborrheic dermatitis of the lid edge. Symptoms include burning, itching, tearing, foreign body sensation, and some pain.
|
|
|
Chalazion
|
A beady nodule protruding on the lid. Is an infection or a retention cyst of a meibomian gland. Nontender, firm, swelling c freely movable skin overlying the nodule.
|
|
|
Anisocoria
|
Unequal pupil size
|
|
|
Miosis
|
Constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs c the use of pilocarpine drops for glaucoma tx, the use of narcotics, c iritis, and c brain damage of the pons.
|
|
|
Argyll Robertson Pupil
|
No rxn to light, pupil doesn't restrict c accommodation. Small and irregular pupil bilaterally. Occurs c central nervous system syphilis, brain tumor, meningitis, and chronic alcoholism.
|
|
|
Dilated and Fixed Pupils (Mydriasis)
|
Enlarged pupils occur c stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, reaction to sympathomimetic drugs, use of dilating drops, acute glaucoma, and past or recent trauma. Also from a central nervous system injury, circulatory arrest, or deep anesthesia.
|
|
|
Conjunctivitis
|
"Pink eye." Red-beefy looking vessels at the periphery of the eye but usually clearer around the iris. Common from bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or chemical irritation. Has purulent discharge,and usually has a swollen and painful preauricular lymph node. Symptoms include itching, burning, foreign body sensation, and eyelids stuck together on awakening.
|
|
|
Pterygium
|
A triangular opaque wing of bulbar conjunctive that overgrows toward the center of the cornea. Looks membranous, translucent, and yellow to white. Usually invades from the nasal side. May obstruct vision. Occurs usually from chronic exposure to hot, dry, and sandy climates.
|
|
|
Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)
|
Infection in the outer ear c severe painful movement of the pinna and tragus, redness and swelling of the pinna and canal, scanty purulent discharge, scaling, itching, fever, and enlarged tender regional lymph nodes. Hearing is normal or slightly diminished.
|
|
|
Osteoma
|
Single, stony hard, rounded nodule that obscures the eardrum. Nontender and overlying skin appears normal. Attached to the inner third of the ear (the canal). Benign but should have it removed.
|
|
|
Blue Drum (Hemotympanum)
|
Indicated blood in the middle ear, as in trauma resulting in a skull fracture.
|
|
|
Epistaxis
|
Aka a nosebleed. Most common site is the Kiesselbach's plexus in the anterior septum. May be spontaneous from a local cause or a sign of an underlying illness.
|
|
|
Angular Cheilitis (Stomatitis, Perleche)
|
Erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth. Occurs c excess salivation and a Candida infection.
|
|
|
Smooth, Glossy Tongue (Atrophic Glossitis)
|
Surface is thick and slimy. Mucosa thins and looks red from decreased papillae. Dryness of tongue and burning. Occurs c Vit. B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, ad iron deficiency anemia.
|
|
|
Edema (Peau d'Orange)
|
Lymphatic obstruction produces edema. Thickens the skin and exaggerates the hair follicles. Suggests CA. Edema usually begins in the skin around and beneath the areola. Also present is nipple infiltration.
|
|
|
Fixation
|
Asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility c the elevated arm maneuver. As CA becomes invasive, the fibrosis fixes the breast to the underlying pectoral muscles.
|
|
|
Fibroadenoma
|
A solitary nontender mass. A category of benign breast disease that deserves mention because of its frequency and characteristic appearance. Solid, firm, rubbery, and elastic. Round, oval, or lobulated - 1 to 5cm. Freely movable, slippery. Grows quickly and constantly. Benign, but it must be diagnosed c a biopsy.
|
|
|
Paget's Disease (Intraductal Carcinoma)
|
Early lesion has a unilateral, clear, yellow discharge and dry, scaling crusts, friable at nipple apex. Spreads outward to areola c an erythematous halo on areola and crusted, eczematous, retracted nipple. Later lesion shows nipple reddened, excoriated, ulcerated, c bloody discharge when surface is eroded, and an erythematous plaque surounding the nipple. Symptoms include tingling, burning, and itching.
|
|
|
Masitis
|
Uncommon. An inflammatory mass before abscess formation. Usually occurs in a single quadrant. Area is red, swollen, tender, very hot, and hard. Also can have a headache, malaise, fever, chills, sweating, increased pulse, and flulike symptoms.
|
|
|
Barrel Chest
|
Equal anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter and ribs are horizontal instead of the normal downward slope. Associated c normal aging and chronic emphysema and asthma.
|
|
|
Kyphosis
|
An exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine that causes significant back pain and limited mobility. Impairs cardiopulmonary function. Associated c aging.
|
|
|
Aortic Stenosis
|
Calcification of the aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole; LV hypertrpohy develops.
|
|
|
Tricuspid Regurgitation
|
Backflow of blood through an incompetent tricuspid valve into the RA.
|
|
|
Mitral Stenosis
|
The calcified mitral valve will not open properly, impedes forward flow of blood into LV during diastole. Results in LA enlarged and LA pressure increased.
|
|
|
Aortic Regurgitation
|
Stream of blood regurgitates back through incompetent aortic valve into LV during diastole. LV dilatation and hypertrophy due to increased LV stroke volume. Rapid ejection of large stroke volume into poorly filled aorta, then rapid runoff in diastole as part of blood pushed back into LV.
|
|
|
Superficial Vericose Veins
|
Incompetent valves permit reflux of blood, producing dilated, tortuous veins. Unremitting hydrostatic pressure causes distal valves to be incompetent and causes worsening of the varicosity.
|
|
|
Diastasis Recti
|
A separation of the abd rectus muscles. Ridge is revealed when intra-abdominal pressure is increased by raising the head while supine. Occurs congenitally, as a result of pregnancy, or by marked obesity in which prolonged distention or a decrease in muscle tone has occurred. Not clinically significant.
|
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
Decrease in skeletal bone mass occurring when rate of bone resorption is greater than that of bone formation. Increases risk for stress fracture, especialy at the wrist, hip, and vertebrae.
|
|
|
Ankylosing Spondylitis
|
Chronic progressive inflammation of spine, sacroiliac and larger joints of the extremities, leading to bony ankylosis and deformity. A form of RA. Spasm of the paraspinal muscles pulls spine into a forward flexion, obliterating cervical and lumbar curves. Thoracic curve is exaggerated into single kyphotic rounding. Also includes flexion deformities of the hips and knees.
|
|
|
Olecranon Bursitis
|
Large soft knob, or "goose egg," and redness from inflammation of the olecranon bursa. Localized and easy to see because a bursa lies just under the skin.
|
|
|
Epicondylitis - Tennis Elbow
|
Chronic disabling pain at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radiates down the extensor surface of the forearm. Pain can be located c one finger. Resisting extension of the hand will increase pain.
|
|
|
Ankylosis
|
Wrist in extreme flexion, due to severe RA. Hand becomes functionally useless.
|
|
|
Dupuytren's Contracture
|
Chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causes flexion contractures of the digits, first in the fourth digit, then the fifth digit, then the third digit. Occurs c diabetes, epilepsy, and alcoholic liver disease and as an inherited trait. Is painless but impairs hand function.
|
|
|
Fasciculation
|
Rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscles or parts of muscles, without movement of limbs, than can be seen or palpated.
|
|
|
Myoclonus
|
Rapid, sudden jerk or a short series of jerks at fairly regular intervals.
|
|
|
Rest Tremor
|
Coarse and slow (3-6/second), partly or completely disappears with voluntary movements.
|
|
|
Chorea
|
Sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk, or face. Occurs at irregular intervals, not rhythmic or repetitive, and is more convulsive than a tic. Disappears with sleep.
|
|
|
Athetosis
|
Slow, twisting, writhing, and continuous movement, resembling a snake or a worm. Involves the distal part of the limb more than the proximal part. Occurs c cerebral palsy. Disappears c sleep.
|
|
|
Scissors
|
Knees cross or are in contact, like holding an orange between the thighs. The person uses short steps and walking requires effort.
|
|
|
Cerebellar Ataxia
|
Staggering, wide-based gait. Difficulty c turns. Uncoordinated movement c positive Romberg sign.
|
|
|
Waddling
|
Weak hip muscles. When the person takes a step, the opposite hip drops, which allows a compensatory lateral movement of the pelvis. Often they have marked lumbar lordosis and a protruding abd.
|
|
|
Paraplegia
|
Lower motor neuron damage caused by spinal cord injury. Gradually, deep tendon reflexes reappear and become increased, flexor spasm of legs occur, and finally, extensor spasms of legs occur. These spasms lead to prevailing extensor tone.
|
|
|
Opisthotonos
|
Prolonged arching of the back, with head and heels bent backward. Indicates meningeal irritation.
|
|
|
Phimosis
|
Foreskin is advanced and fixed so tight it is impossible to retract over the glans.
|
|
|
Urethritis (Urethral Discharge and Dysuria)
|
Infection of the urethra causes painful burning urination. Meatus edges are reddened, everted, and swollen. Purulent urethral discharge is present. Urine is cloudy c discharge and mucous shreds.
|
|
|
Pediculosis Pubis (Crab Lice)
|
Severe perineal itching. Excoriations and erythematous areas. May see little dark spots, nits become adherent to pubic hair near the roots. Usually localized in pubic hair, and occasionally in eyebrows or lashes.
|
|
|
Syphilitic Chancre
|
Begins as a small, solitary silvery papule that erodes to a red, round or oval, superficial ulcer c a yellowish serous discharge. Has a nontender indurated base. Nontender inguinal lymphadenopathy.
|
|
|
Bluish Cervix - Cyanosis
|
Bluish discoloration of the mucosa occurs normally in pregnancy (Chadwick's sign at 6-8 wk's gestation) and c any other condition causing hypoxia or venous congestion.
|
|
|
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Syndrome
|
Prenatal exposure to DES causes cervical and vaginal abnormalities. Red, granular patches of columnar epithelium extend beyond normal squamocolumnar juncition onto cervix and into fornices. Cervical abnormalities also include - a circular groove, a transverse ridge, a protuberant anterior lip, and a"cocks thumb" formation. Warrants frequent monitoring.
|
