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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are enzymes examples of |
Biological catalyst Globular protein |
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What are the 2 types of metabolism |
Catabolic Anabolic |
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Define catabolic |
Break down of x |
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Anabolic |
Synthesis of x from smaller ones |
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Eg of intracellular enzyme |
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide Used by white blood cell to kill microbes |
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2 eg of extracellular enzyme |
Amylase Trypsin |
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What does amylase do |
Made in salivary gland of digest amylose |
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What does trypsin do |
Made in pancreas digest protein |
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What are cofactor |
Binds to enzyme, activate, increase product |
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2 types of cofactors |
Co-enzymes Prosthetic group |
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Similarities and differences between co-enzymes and prosthetic group and cofactors |
Cofactors: Non organic Temporarily binds Coenzyme : Organic Non protein Temporarily binds to enzyme
Prosthetic group: Organic or inorganic Non protein Permanently binds to enzyme |
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Describe inhibitors |
Decrease product formation |
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Different between the 2 types of inhibitors |
Competitive competes with substrate Non competitive binds to alosteric site in enzyme, changing active site |
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Eg of prosthetic group |
Zn 2+ in carbonic anhydrase |
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Eg of cofactor |
Cl- for amylase |
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Eg of coenzymes |
Vitamin |
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Two types of hypothesis and how it works |
Induced fit Lock and key |
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5 factors effecting rate of reaction |
Temp Ph Enzyme conc Substrate conc Inhibitors |
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Effect of temp on rate of reaction |
More kinetic; frequent collision with higher force; successful collision
Rate of formation of enzyme substrate complex increase
Optimum temp
Denature ( hydrogen .ionic. break)
Shape active site change |
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What are buffers |
Resist ph change by donating or accepting protons |
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What ph is acidic etc... |
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Effect of ph |
High and low bread hydrogen or ionic bonds |
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What is it called when all the enzymes are saturated with substrate |
Vmax |
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Graph if no inhibitor, competitive and non competitive |
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Explain end product inhibition |
End product acts as non competitive, revirsible inhibitor Negative feedback |
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2 eg of poison as inhibitors |
Cyanide Snake venom |
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How does cyanide work and what does it do |
KCN inhibits aerobic respiration and catalase Hydrolysed by digestion to hydrogen cyanide gas which dissociates into H+ and CN- CN- is irreversible inhibitor to mitochondrial enzyme |
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Explain how snake venom acts as an inhibitor |
acetylcholinesterase Breakdown neurotransmitter in synapse after musxle excitation but if inhibited Muscles stay contracted Paralysis, breathing suffocation |
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Aspirin as inhibitor |
Inhibits production of postaglandins which cause inflammation and nerve sensitivity Aspirin thins blood to prevent stroke |
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Digitalis from foxgloves as inhibitor |
Inhibits na k pump; more ca2+ enter cells Ca2+ increase muscle contraction, strong heart beat |