Background Research
Enzymes are biological catalysts, they have optimum pH values and temperatures, their activity is greatest while in optimum. Enzymes are also proteins, if the shape of an enzyme changes, it would no longer work. Enzymes are substances that fasten the chemical reactions in the human body. Enzymes are proteins that make up shapes in order to allow smaller molecules to fit into them to increase the chemical reaction rate. Although enzymes are made by living thing, enzymes are not alive themselves.
Below is an example of how the smaller molecules fit into an enzyme:
Enzymes may change their shape if they are effected by high temperature or high pH and after having their form changed the enzymes would not be able to absorb small molecules. While mixed with pH the enzymes work best under slightly alkaline conditions. Hypothesis By starting with the knowledge that high pH solutions decrease the activity rate of an enzyme the researcher may expect less froth than the froth that comes from the enzyme when interacted with lower pH. The weak alkali will increase the activity of the enzyme the most and will produce the most froth; the weak acid will also have produced a big amount of froth although the weak acid won’t produce as much froth than the weak alkali because enzymes work best when they are under slightly alkaline conditions. The strong acid will have produced the least amount of froth because enzymes get slightly damaged by high or strong pH levels. Safety In order to do the experiment safely, the researcher must use safety goggles, a lab coat, and lab gloves at all times. The safety personal protective equipment should not be taken off, in no uncertain terms. Variables What is the variable(s)? Units How will it be measured? INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Different pH levels in mixture The level of pH in the solutions will be measured with how many drops are used. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Enzyme activity The enzyme activity will be measured by how much froth the solution has produced. CONTROLLED VARIABLES • Amount of buffer solutions used • Amount of catalyze used • How much each mixture is stirred • How long each mixture is stirred The amount of buffer solutions used, the amount of catalyze used, how much each mixture is stirred, how long each mixture is stirred will be measured by how the researcher applies these variables. Materials Equipment Number Size Uncertainty Stop Watch 1 N/A 0.01seconds Glass beaker 4 200mL +/- 0.1mL Ruler 1 30cm +/- 0.1cm Stirring rod 1 N/A Materials Number Size Catalyze (Liver) 1 50mL Buffer solutions 4 20mL per each H2O2 1 80mL Method The experiment starts with gathering all the equipment needed, continuing with pouring two milliliters of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and 3 drops of pH 2 …show more content…
The measuring tube was cleaned for the second pH buffer which was pH 4, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide was poured into the measuring tube, then three drops of pH 4 buffer, lastly two milliliters of catalase was added to the mixture and was stirred once for two seconds, after waiting for one minute for the froth to produce, the amount of froth after one minute was seventeen millimeters. For the third part of the experiment a pH 6 buffer was used, after the measuring tube being cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 6 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was added, the mixture was stirred once and for two seconds the froth produced was measured with a ruler after one minute, the amount of froth produced was thirty millimeters. For the fourth part a pH buffer of 8 was used, the measuring tube that was going to be used for this part was cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 8 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was used, the concoction was stirred once for two seconds, and the froth was measured after one minute, the froth produced was fifty-three millimeters. For the last part pH 10 buffer was used, the measuring tube was cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 10 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was used, the solution was stirred once for two seconds, after waiting for one minute the froth produced was seventy-six
Enzymes are biological catalysts, they have optimum pH values and temperatures, their activity is greatest while in optimum. Enzymes are also proteins, if the shape of an enzyme changes, it would no longer work. Enzymes are substances that fasten the chemical reactions in the human body. Enzymes are proteins that make up shapes in order to allow smaller molecules to fit into them to increase the chemical reaction rate. Although enzymes are made by living thing, enzymes are not alive themselves.
Below is an example of how the smaller molecules fit into an enzyme:
Enzymes may change their shape if they are effected by high temperature or high pH and after having their form changed the enzymes would not be able to absorb small molecules. While mixed with pH the enzymes work best under slightly alkaline conditions. Hypothesis By starting with the knowledge that high pH solutions decrease the activity rate of an enzyme the researcher may expect less froth than the froth that comes from the enzyme when interacted with lower pH. The weak alkali will increase the activity of the enzyme the most and will produce the most froth; the weak acid will also have produced a big amount of froth although the weak acid won’t produce as much froth than the weak alkali because enzymes work best when they are under slightly alkaline conditions. The strong acid will have produced the least amount of froth because enzymes get slightly damaged by high or strong pH levels. Safety In order to do the experiment safely, the researcher must use safety goggles, a lab coat, and lab gloves at all times. The safety personal protective equipment should not be taken off, in no uncertain terms. Variables What is the variable(s)? Units How will it be measured? INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Different pH levels in mixture The level of pH in the solutions will be measured with how many drops are used. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Enzyme activity The enzyme activity will be measured by how much froth the solution has produced. CONTROLLED VARIABLES • Amount of buffer solutions used • Amount of catalyze used • How much each mixture is stirred • How long each mixture is stirred The amount of buffer solutions used, the amount of catalyze used, how much each mixture is stirred, how long each mixture is stirred will be measured by how the researcher applies these variables. Materials Equipment Number Size Uncertainty Stop Watch 1 N/A 0.01seconds Glass beaker 4 200mL +/- 0.1mL Ruler 1 30cm +/- 0.1cm Stirring rod 1 N/A Materials Number Size Catalyze (Liver) 1 50mL Buffer solutions 4 20mL per each H2O2 1 80mL Method The experiment starts with gathering all the equipment needed, continuing with pouring two milliliters of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and 3 drops of pH 2 …show more content…
The measuring tube was cleaned for the second pH buffer which was pH 4, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide was poured into the measuring tube, then three drops of pH 4 buffer, lastly two milliliters of catalase was added to the mixture and was stirred once for two seconds, after waiting for one minute for the froth to produce, the amount of froth after one minute was seventeen millimeters. For the third part of the experiment a pH 6 buffer was used, after the measuring tube being cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 6 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was added, the mixture was stirred once and for two seconds the froth produced was measured with a ruler after one minute, the amount of froth produced was thirty millimeters. For the fourth part a pH buffer of 8 was used, the measuring tube that was going to be used for this part was cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 8 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was used, the concoction was stirred once for two seconds, and the froth was measured after one minute, the froth produced was fifty-three millimeters. For the last part pH 10 buffer was used, the measuring tube was cleaned, two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, three drops of pH 10 buffer and two milliliters of catalase was used, the solution was stirred once for two seconds, after waiting for one minute the froth produced was seventy-six