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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Immigrants coming from across the Atlantic Ocean could often buy a cheap ticket and travel in ___________, the open area beneath the ship's deck. |
steerage |
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Due to large amounts of immigrants, many ________ neighborhoods began to spring up in cities. |
ethnic |
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In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese _________ Act, which banned the immigration of certain groups of Asians - mostly the Chinese. |
Exclusion |
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What attracted immigrants to the U.S.? |
advertisements for free land, plentiful jobs, and letters from relatives |
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How did the first wave of immigrants differ from the second wave? |
first wave: mostly from Northern/Western Europe and Protestant second wave: mostly from Eastern/Southern Europe and many different religions |
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Why did immigrants settle in cities in their own ethnic communities? |
It made it easier to survive and it eased their pain of being away from their homeland. |
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Why did many Americans oppose immigration? |
Immigrants had different appearances and unfamiliar customs. |
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How did some nativists in the West show their opposition to Chinese immigration? |
By passing the Chinese Exclusion Act. |
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What were the reasons for Latin American immigration to the United States in the late 1800s? |
Achieving independence from Spain, escaping fighting and disorder, and searching for jobs. |
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Ellis Island |
where most European immigrants checked into the U.S. |
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Emma Lazarus |
wrote the poem that graces the base of the Statue of Liberty |
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Immigration Restriction League |
nativist group that demanded a literacy test to separate the desirable and undesirable immigrants |
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Angel Island |
Asian immigrants typically checked into the U.S. here |
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Immigrants could only afford to live in _________ which were often dark and dirty and often lacked running water. |
tenements |
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Factories with overcrowded and dirty workplaces were often referred to as __________. |
sweatshops |
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Many African Americans encountered ___________ in both the North and the South. |
racism |
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Why were some areas in cities unhealthy? |
Diseases and violent crimes. |
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How did settlement houses improve life for people in cities? |
They provided nurseries, classes in English and citizenship, hot meals, plays, music, and speeches. |
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What type of corruption existed in many city governments? |
Bribes and padding. |
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How did Congress respond to corruption in business? |
By passing the Pendleton Civil Service Act. |
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How did Plessy v. Ferguson affect the rights of African Americans? |
The Supreme Court ruled that public facilities for whites and African Americans could be separate as long as they were equal in quality. |
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What was the effect of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? |
It stopped most Chinese immigration into the U.S. and had people believe that Native Americans need to become "civilized" and adopt white farming practices/customs. |
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory |
fire here killed 146 people in 1911 |
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Jane Addams |
founded the Hull House, which provided services for the poor people of the neighborhood |
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Cornelius Vanderbilt |
a "captain of industry" who got rich by investing in railroads |
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Boss William March Tweed |
famous corrupt New York City leader; he controlled elections and illegally padded city bills |
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Homer Plessy |
African American who was arrested for attempting to sit in a railroad car that was designated for whites |
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Lincoln Steffens was a __________ who investigated government corruption in American cities. |
muckraker |
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People who believed in widespread social reforms were called ____________. |
Progressives |
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The passage of the 18th Amendment brought about a period of time known as ____________. |
Prohibition |
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Wisconsin was the first state to require a _______________ for an election. |
direct primary |
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Edith Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were pioneers in the fight for women's ________. |
suffrage |
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How did the muckrakers bring about social reform? |
They showed people the truth about politics and the lives of people living in poverty. |
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What was the goal of the WCTU? |
To have the sale and transport of alcohol within the U.S. to be illegal. |
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What improvements were made in local and state governments? |
Direct primary, commissions, city-manager systems, and progressive laws. |
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What were African Americans and women fighting for? |
They both fought for equality, and women also fought for the right to vote. |
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Some ______ were able to put their competitors out of business by lowering their prices until no one else could compete. |
trusts |
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Upton Sinclair |
wrote The Jungle, which described unclean conditions in factories that processed meat |
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Galveston, Texas |
first to use a commission after it was practically destroyed by a hurricane in 1900 |
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W.E.B. Du Bois |
helped to found the NAACP |
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Theodore Roosevelt |
set aside nearly 200 million acres of land aside for conservation as President |
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William Taft |
Roosevelt's Secretary of War who became President in 1909 |
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Woodrow Wilson |
Democratic nominee who won the presidential election of 1912 |
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Louis D. Brandeis |
first Jewish person to serve as a Supreme Court justice |
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Roosevelt had many great accomplishments in the field of _________. He was able to set aside 200 million acres for protection. |
conservation |
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How did President Roosevelt show his support for Progressive movement? |
By being a successful writer, cowhand, war hero, and believing that the government should be active in making people's lives better. |
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What was Theodore Roosevelt's vision of government? |
He believed that the government should be involved in business activities and examine all meat products sold to the public. |
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What were 3 Progressive reforms during Taft's presidency? |
1) signed the 16th Amendment into law 2) created many national parks and forestland 3) his Attorney General filed more lawsuits against trusts |
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Why did Roosevelt want to defeat Taft in the election of 1912? |
He was unhappy with how Taft dealt with reforms. |
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What reforms were made during President Wilson's administration? |
The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act, the Federal Reserve Act, and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act. |
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Why was the Federal Reserve Act important? |
It allowed the government to supervise banks. |
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Lincoln Steffens |
muckraker who found corruption in city governments |
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Jacob Riis |
muckraker who photographed tenements and factories in New York City |
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Britain, Germany, and France wanted to build large empires, so they engaged in __________. |
imperialism |
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Queen Liliuokalani |
American business owners revolted against her, which resulted in the annexation of Hawaii |
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ateer |
the Secretary of State who asked for an Open Door policy with China |
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steerage |
large open area beneath a ship's deck |
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sweatshops |
factories with overcrowded and dirty workplaces |
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Progressives |
people who believed in widespread social reforms |
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isolationism |
policy of staying out of the political affairs of other countries |
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The U.S. preferred to practice _____________, which kept it out of many other countries' foreign affairs. |
isolationism |
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A _________________ is an area of a country in which another nation has gained trading privileges solely for itself. |
sphere of influence |
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Why did Americans begin looking outward during the late 1800s? |
They wanted to encourage economic growth and felt that the U.S. had to colonize and impose its culture with the people they traded with. |
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In what ways did the U.S. begin to expand? |
By being able to trade with Japan, purchasing Alaska, expanding the navy, controlling/annexing Hawaii, and gaining power in Samoa. |
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What role did business owners play in the annexation of Hawaii? |
They revolted against Queen Liliuokalani's policy of reducing the power of American planters by asking the U.S. government for help. |
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What was the Open Door policy in China? |
It was a policy that allowed any nation (even in another country's sphere of influence) to trade in China. |
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Matthew Perry |
under the president's command, he arrived in Japan demanding that they open trade relations with the U.S. |
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William H. Seward |
bought Alaska from Russia from $7.2 million |
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Alfred Thayer Mahan |
the admiral who wrote Influence of Sea Power Upon History |