Unit 2: Chemistry (Grade 9)

Front 1

Element 1

Back 1

Hydrogen (H)

1

gas

Front 2

Element 2

Back 2

Heluim (He)

4

gas

Front 3

Element 3

Back 3

Lithium (Li)

7

solid

Front 4

Element 4

Back 4

Beryllium (Be)

9

solid

Front 5

Element 5

Back 5

Boron (B)

11

solid

Front 6

Element 6

Back 6

Carbon (C)

12

solid

Front 7

Element 7

Back 7

Nitrogen (Ni)

14

gas

Front 8

Element 8

Back 8

Oxygen (O)

16

gas

Front 9

Element 9

Back 9

Fluorine (F)

19

gas

Front 10

Element 10

Back 10

Neon (Ne)

20

gas

Front 11

Element 11

Back 11

Sodium (Na)

23

solid

Front 12

Element 12

Back 12

Magnesium (Mg)

24

solid

Front 13

Element 13

Back 13

Aluminum (Al)

27

solid

Front 14

Element 14

Back 14

Silicon (Si)

28

solid

Front 15

Element 15

Back 15

Phosphorus (P)

31

solid

Front 16

Element 16

Back 16

Sulfur (S)

32

solid

Front 17

Element 17

Back 17

Chlorine (Cl)

35

gas

Front 18

Element 18

Back 18

Argon (Ar)

40

gas

Front 19

Element 19

Back 19

Potassium (K)

39

solid

Front 20

Element 20

Back 20

Calcium (Ca)

40

solid

Front 21

molecule

Back 21

-a molecule is a unit of two or more atoms (of the same or different elements) that are bonded together

Front 22

molecule element

Back 22

-is a molecule consisting of atoms of the same element

Front 23

7 diatomic molecules

Back 23

H2,N2,02,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2

(these elements naturally exist as two atoms bonded together)

Front 24

molecule compound

Back 24

-a molecule consisting of 2 or more different elements

ex. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), salt (NaCl)

Front 25

ionic bond

Back 25

-between a metal and a non-metal

-non-metal takes electrons from the metal

-metal becomes a positive ion, non-metal becomes a negative ion

-metal always gives,non-metal always takes

Front 26

covalent

Back 26

-occurs between two non-metals

-the two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shell

Front 27

ion

Back 27

-charged version of an atom

Front 28

ionic compounds

Back 28

-are formed when cations and anions bond together due to opposite charge

*cations:a positively charged ion cause by the loss of electrons

*anions: a negatively charged ion caused by the gain of electrons

Front 29

Metals x Metals

Back 29

-mixed metals create alloys

*not bonded

*solutions

Front 30

Metal x Non-metals

Back 30

-results in formation of ions when joined leading to an ionic bond

-cations and anions created

-cations and anions attracted to each other due to opposite charge, ionic bond created

Front 31

Naming rule 1 (Metal x Non-metal)

Back 31

-when a metal bonds to a non-metal, the name of the metal comes first and non-metal comes second, with the ending "ide"

ex.salt-NaCl- Soduim chloride

Front 32

Non-metal x Non-metal

Back 32

-bond through the sharing of electrons resulting in a covalent bond

Front 33

Naming rule 2 (Non-metal x Non-metal)

Back 33

-use the names in order,second non-metal had "ide" on the end

-Latin prefixes (1=mono,2=di,3=tri,4=tetra)

ex.CO2- Carbon dioxide

*never start the first with mono

Front 34

Bonding Behaviors

Back 34

-atoms bond to create stability

-noble gases are the most stable due to full valence shells

-elements behave in a way that will get their valence shells full, this is done by gaining,losing or sharing electrons

Front 35

Alkali Metals

Back 35

-group 1

*hydrogen not included

-soft,shiny,silvery metals, highly reactive,low density (floats)

-includes Li,Na,K and ect..

Front 36

Alkaline Earth Metals

Back 36

-group 2

-soft and shiny but not soft

-burn with bright colorful flames,ideal for fireworks

-includes Be,Mg,C ect..

-usually found in compounds

Front 37

Halogens

Back 37

-group 17

-includes Fl,Cl,I

-very reactive, hard to find in elemental form

-react well with Alkali metals

-poisonous effect

ex. I w/h achohol used to clean cuts

Front 38

Noble Gases

Back 38

-group 18,

colorless,odorless,tasteless, glow brightly w/h electrical currents

-generally non-toxic (not Radon)

argon=blue,krypton=pink,xenon=purple,neon=red