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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Why is matter necessary for biological systems? |
Nothing can exist without matter. Matter is everything. |
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2. Explain the usage of CHONPS in biological systems. |
CHO- Carbs, lipids S- Amino acids, disulfide bridges, proteins PN- Amino Acids, Nucleic acids (phosphate backbones) |
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3. Diagram the exchange of matter between organisms and the environment |
N- Amene group in amino acids -in nucleic acids, Is nitrogenous base (GTCU)
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4. What function does Nitrogen serve in proteins? In nucleic acids? |
Proteins: CN Bond in proteins Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen Base |
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5. What function does phosphorous serve in nucleic acids? In phospholipids? |
Nucleic Acids: Phosphate backbone Phospholipids: Glycerol of Phospholipids |
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6. Why do biological systems need water? |
Properties of water |
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7. How does the structure of a water molecule relate to its function? |
Water is polar. H is slightly + and I slightly -. |
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8. How does the polarity of water lead to unique properties in liquid water? |
Hydrophilic solutions and mixes with polar substances. Solvent of life. |
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9. Compare the synthesis and decomposition of biological macromolecules. |
Synthesis: Monomers go to polymers. Dehydration synthesis Decomposition: H20 splits H+ and OH. (Hydrolysis). Requires enzymes. |
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10. Where does the energy needed to drive the synthesis of biological macromolecules come from? |
The bonds split by H2O |
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11. How does the structure of polysaccharides, proteins, Nucleic acids influence their functions? |
Polysaccharides: store energy due to long chains Proteins: 3-D structure that folds together to form specific functions. |
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12. How does the structure of DNA contribute to its roles in protein synthesis and heritability? |
Heritability: can easily copy itself by breaking down easily. Synthesis: both have unique shapes |
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13. Why is DNA a good molecule for information storage? |
NA |
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14. How do the differences in the structure of DNA and RNA contribute to the difference in the functions of those molecules? |
DNA- double helix can store 2x info RNA- Can connect with enzymes |
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15. Explain how the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines each level of that proteins structure? |
Amino acids: 1 level- codons 2 - codons have corresponding bonding points. 3- repeat level 2. |
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16. Explain the conditions of the environment that a protein is in affect the structure and function of that protein. |
-temperature -pH -Salinity Alters the structure and destroys the functionality since the shape determines function |
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17. Explain how the structure of lipids determines the polarity of the molecule. |
The long HC chains make it nonpolar. |
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18. If the chemistry of water occurs in aqueous solution, why are lipids useful in biological systems? |
-steroids -store energy -cell membrane -hormones |
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19. Why Is starch easily digested by animals while cellulose isnt? |
Starch- it's branched- more spots to be broken and attached Celluose- straight- only one spot to attach |
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20. Explain how diretionality influences the structure and function of the following polymer: 1. Nucleic Acids 2.Proteins 3.Carbohydrates |
NA |
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21. Describe the relationship between the structure and function if enzymes. |
NA |
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22. Explain how environmental conditions can affect enzyme function. Provide examples. |
NA |