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99 Cards in this Set
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Work out line |
Electrocardiograph technicians commonly known as EKG or ECG technicians the electrocardiograph may also be used to evaluate the function of artificial pacemakers |
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Work out |
Attach electrodes to the body areas and connect the leads enter patients data for analysis |
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Work out |
The equipment used by the EKG technician may include calculator scissors cardiac pacemaker generators graph recording paper calipers |
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Work environment |
The EKG technician may be working under supervision of cardiologists working without close supervision training less-experienced EKG |
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Work |
EKG technicians you'll usually work 40-hour weeks which may include working weekends night shifts and holidays as well |
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Work environment |
EKG technician should be able to explain procedures to patients work with precision and accuracy |
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Advancement |
EKG technicians are able to join associations which offer programs for further and education the alliance of cardiovascular professionals and cardiovascular credentialing internal with further Education and Training EKG technicians are able to specialize in Holter monitoring stress testing and other specialized |
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Advancement |
Holter monitoring record cardiac rhythm for a time period of 28 to 48 hours |
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Advancement |
Stress-testing records and monitors cardiac Rhythm during exercise |
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Phono cardiograph technicians |
Operate equipment used to record abnormal heart sounds |
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Advancement |
Echocardiography technicians use ultrasound equipment to create two dimensional ultrasonic patterns of the heart chambers and valves to detect problems such as defects |
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Vector |
Monitor three dimensional tracings of the activity of the heart |
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Vital signs |
Taking Vital Signs normal means the recording of body temperature blood pressure respiration and pulse |
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Normal vital signs can change due to different factors such as aged sex weight exercise and even health conditions |
Vital signs are measurements of different psychological statistics often taken by health professionals in order to determine basic body functions taking Vital Signs normally means the recording a body temperature blood pressure respiration and pulse |
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Vital signs |
Temperature 97.8 through 99 degrees Fahrenheit blood pressure 120 over 80 mmhg 90 / 60 through 120 over 80 respiratory rate 16 to 20 respirations per minute heart rate pulse 60 to 100 beats per minute |
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Vital signs |
Thermometer to measure temperature speak mold manometer to measure blood pressure stethoscope in combination with speak momento meter to measure blood pressure watch to measure |
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Temperature |
Body temperature refers to the amount of heat produced and sustained by body processes |
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Temperature |
The average adult temperature is around 98.6 Fahrenheit taken orally |
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Variations do two methods of measurement |
Oral temperatures can be affected by smoking and take a food drinking and chewing as well as breathing if the mouth is open where are can reach into the mouth |
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Variations due to message of measurement |
The temperature measured inside the mouth is higher than rectal and coral body temperatures and temperatures taken under the arm or lower |
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Variations due to outside factors |
With the intake of food or drinks that are calorie-rich the temperature is real increase the consumption of alcohol will show us small decreasing temperatures during the day but increased temperatures during the night |
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Variation due to outside factors |
A person's sleep patterns can also affect body temperatures in general temperatures drop at night and throughout the night having poor Sleep Quality or even insomnia can lead to decrease in temperatures |
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Methods of measurement |
Oral temperatures in the mouth rectal temperatures in the anus in the gut by swallowing a small thermometer |
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Measuring devices |
A thermometer consists of two important parts the temperature sensor e g bulb on mercury thermometers wear a slight physical change in temperatures occur as well as a way of converting the physical change it into a number E G scale on mercury thermometer |
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Blood pressure |
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels |
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Definition of systolic and diastolic |
Systolic is the blood pressure at the time when the heart is Contracting specifically the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart |
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Definition of diastolic and systolic |
Diastolic is the blood pressure at the time when the heart is in relaxation and dilation expansion. Specifically the minimum arterial pressure during relaxation India like dilation of the heart's ventricles when the ventricles fill with blood |
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Low blood pressure |
The medical term for low blood pressure is called hypertension and is a blood pressure low enough that the blood flow to the organs is insufficient and symptoms of low blood pressure can occur symptoms or signs of low blood pressure can include dizziness being light-headed or even fainting such symptoms mostly occur when the person goes from a sitting or lying position to a standing position and it's called orthostatic hypotension |
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Causes for low blood pressure |
During pregnancy a woman circulatory system expands very fast which can cause blood pressure to drop rapidly dehydration endocrine problems severe allergic reaction lack of nutrients insufficiency of vitamin B12 and folate can cause anemia anemia is a condition in which your body doesn't produce enough red blood cells drugs for Parkinson's Disease |
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Postural orthostatic hypotension |
Sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying position leading to symptoms of dizziness feeling light headed blurred vision and even fainting it can occur for a variety of reasons including pregnancy dehydration prolonged bed rest and diabetes also endocrine system |
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Postprandial hypotension |
Sudden drop in blood pressure after |
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Shy Drager syndrome |
This rare disorder causes Progressive damage to the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions such as blood pressure heart rate breathing and digestion |
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Treatment and drugs there are several |
There are several medications that should use Alone Together can be taken to treat orthostatic hypertension low blood pressure when standing up as an example the drug fludrocortisone is commonly used to treat this type of low blood pressure and it helps to boost blood volume and therefore raise blood pressure |
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High blood pressure |
High blood pressure hypertension is a medical condition where the force of blood against artery walls is high enough that it can cause health problems such as heart disease |
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Types of blood pressure |
Primary hypertension secondary hypertension |
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Types of high blood types of high blood pressure various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension including |
Kidney problems adrenal gland tumors defects in blood vessels born with congenital medications birth control pills cold remedies decongestant over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs illegal drugs cocaine |
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Blood pressure measuring |
Speak momentum no meaner a medical device that is used to measure blood pressure that is made up of an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow in Mercury or mechanical manometer to measure the |
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Blood pressure measuring |
Stethoscope an acoustic medical device used for all cost station or listening to internal sounds of the body often use in order to listen to the sounds of lung and heart also used to listen to the blood flow in arteries and veins in combination with a sphygmomanometer is commonly used to measure blood pressure |
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Respiration rate levels |
18 years and over 16 to 20 breaths per minute |
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Respiratory rate |
The respiratory rate breathing frequency is the number of breaths a person takes within a specified time and is measured in breast per minute |
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Respiration rate levels |
Abnormally fast respiration rates are called tacky penia where the respiration rate is too fast causes for tacky penia can include heart or lung problems panic attacks anxiety allergy abnormal reaction to substances asthma exercise or even later during |
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Respiration rate |
Brady pedia abnormally low respiration rates are called Brady penia where the respiration rate is too slow |
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respiration rate respiration rate measurement |
In order to measure the respiration rate the patient should be interesting |
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Normal pulse rates are considered to be |
Newborn 120 to 160 beats per minute |
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Factors that affect heart rate |
The heart rate can be affected by many factors some of these factors include medication from illness temperature exercise stress blood pressure and emotional stress |
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Factors that affect heart rate |
Physical stress physical activity increases the heart rate as the heart has to beat faster and harder for more oxygen emotional stress a person's natural response to psychological stress is an increased heart rate Jonas illnesses such as fever will put an increase metabolic Demand on the body and heart rate increases due to oxygen requirements heart problems heart problems caused by plaque buildup in arteries atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack failure of the heart or irregular heart rhythms are arrhythmias |
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Abnormal heart rates |
Tachycardia is defined as a resting heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute number varies as small children have faster heart |
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Abnormal heart rates |
Bradycardia defined as resting heart rate of 60 or less beats per minute symptoms usually don't occur until heart rate drops below 50 beats per |
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Causes for abnormal heart rate |
Anxiety stress illness certain medications |
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Heart rate measurement |
Owner artery facial artery dorsalis pedis |
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Heart rate measurement |
The pulse rate can be measured in any place where arteries can be compressed against a bone to |
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Common pulse sites |
Lower limb head neck torso |
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Interesting facts about the human heart |
The average heart weighs about 11 oz the average heart pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood a day the heart is about the size of a fist the heart pumps blood almost to every cell in the body the heart begins beating 4 weeks after conception heavy snoring may cause negative effects on the heart such as lifting or drinking |
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Interesting facts about the heart the human heart that is |
Rene laennec invented the stethoscope in 1816 |
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Anatomy of the human heart |
The pericardium a double-layered membrane surrounds the heart the heart consists of four chambers The upper chambers are right and left atrium the lower Chambers are right and left ventricles |
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Atrium |
The left and right atrium receive blood that is returning to the heart left atrium receives blood that is returning from the pulmonary veins the pulmonary veins extend from the left atrium to the lungs the pulmonary veins bring oxygen rich blood back to the heart right atrium receive blood that is returning from the superior and inferior vena cava the superior vena cava returns oxygen-deprived blood from the head neck chest and arms to the heart the inferior vena cava returns oxygen-deprived blood from the back Avenue mum legs and pelvis |
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Ventricle pumping Chambers |
The left and right ventricles pump blood to the body left ventricle hardest-working chamber pumps blood to the aorta artery |
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The heart valves |
Tricuspid valve pulmonic valve mitral valve aortic valve |
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Blood vessels |
Blood vessels are Hollow like tube-like structures that circulate blood throughout the body there are different types of blood vessels arteries veins capillaries a Cheerios and venules the vena cava is the largest vein in the body |
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Arteries |
The main artery is the aorta |
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Heart nodes |
A no refers to a special tissue type that acts as muscle and nervous tissue One cardiac impulse and recharging of the cells usually takes 0.5 seconds |
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Sinoatrial SA node |
Located in the upper wall of the right atrium referred to as the natural pacemaker of the heart |
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Neurocardiology |
Neurological Pathways connect the heart with the medulla of the brain the medulla is part of the brain which controls the autonomic functions like breathing and heart and blood vessel functions |
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Blood oxygen transport |
The lungs are the organs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood take place oxygen enters the lungs through each inhalation breathing in |
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Blood oxygen transport |
Each red blood cell contains the substance that carries the oxygen called hemoglobin as blood passes to the lungs it increases is oxygen concentration |
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Blood oxygen transport |
Carbon dioxide spreads from the blood into the air space |
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Development of the atrial and venous system |
The anterior system mainly develop from aortic arches whereas the venous system develops from three bilateral veins between four to eight weeks of the development of a human |
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Arterial development |
The arterial system develops from the aortic arches as well as the dorsal aorta at 4 weeks of human development |
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Functions of the cardiovascular system |
The function of the cardiovascular system may be put into three groups transport protection and regulation |
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Transport |
Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body primary function is the transport of nutrients from the intestines to the lungs and other parts of the body and carbon dioxide cells to the lungs removal of waste products such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen the transport function is mainly carried out by Blood and blood |
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Protection |
Protect the body and organs from infection and disease by providing white blood cells able to fight against disease and infection system also provides proteins and antibodies that fight bacteria and disease causing germs protect the body from excessive blood loss through blood clotting during injury |
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Regulation |
Regulating the concentration of pH hydrogen ions within the body regulating body temperatures regulating water salt content within the |
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1958 history of the electrocardiogram |
1958 first cardiac pacemaker is planted bye a k e s e n n i n g |
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What is electrocardiography |
When using electrocardiography health professionals will attach so-called Electro's to the chest wrists and ankles |
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What is electrocardiography |
The EKG will show how fast the heart is beating if the rhythm of the beating is irregular or not and the time of electrical impulses as they travel through the heart |
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The procedure |
Check the heart electrical activity find causes of chest pain such as inflammation and Gina or heart attack determine if walls of heart chambers are too thick |
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Preparing the patient |
As medications May interfere with the test results it is important to ask patients about medication prescriptions or not prescriptions they are taking instruct patients to remove all jewelry men are generally bare-chested while women often wear bras or gowns |
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The test procedure |
Patience will lie on the table or bed test usually takes 5 to 10 minutes areas where electrodes are placed need to be cleaned or and or shaved several electrodes are placed on arms legs and chest |
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Factors that can affect the test |
Exercising before testing moving or talking during procedure certain medications |
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The results |
The EKG is the translation of the heart activity in to Tracy's on paper |
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The results |
Normal regular rhythms of heart is usually between 60 and 100 beats per minute |
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Chesley's of of a 12-lead EKG |
The chest leads are placed in specific areas of the chest over regions of the heart from right to left and record the third dimensions of the heart |
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Waves interval segments |
The waves in an EKG show the sequence of repolarization and depolarization of the Atria left and right atrium and the ventricles |
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Waves interval segments |
P wave the P wave shows the wave of atrial depolarization moves from the SA node throughout the Atria duration is usually between a 0.08 seconds to 0.1 second the integral between p waves can be used to determine atrial rate |
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Depolarization polarization repolarization |
Repolarization and depolarization are electrical activities which cause muscular activities polarization is you're ready phase can represent the P wave depolarization equals the QRS complex repolarization resting phase free pair heart for polarization |
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Lead wire coding |
The color codes of the American Heart Association for lead wires are white right arm |
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EKG printouts |
The standard speed is 25 M per second speed selection will affect how the paper runs through the EKG there for an increase speed is useful in patients with very fast heart rates by law EKG printouts need to be safe for 5 years |
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Artifacts |
Causes for the appearance of artifacts include muscle movement resting in somatic Tremor and properly attach electrodes the patient is not being relaxed tension |
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Arrhythmia |
Disorder of the heart rate either being too fast tachycardia or too slow bradycardia |
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Atrial fibrillation |
Disorder of the heart rhythm involving rapid and irregular heart rate |
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Atherosclerosis |
Condition in which fatty materials collect on the artery walls |
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Cardiomyopathy |
Condition where a weakening or change of the heart muscle occurs |
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Congestive heart failure |
Condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body chronic long-term condition |
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Coronary heart disease |
Condition in which small blood vessels narrow |
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Heart attack |
Also known as myocardial infarction |
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Heart murmur |
Murmurs are sounds of the heart caused by turbulent blood flow |
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Myocardial ischemia |
Condition in which blood flow to the heart is temporarily decreased |
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Thrombophlebitis |
Swelling or inflammation of veins caused by blood clots |
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Ventricular fibrillation |
This condition is severe from arrhythmias abnormal heart rhythm causes can include heart attack congenital heart disease and or is c h e m i a treatment may include medications and monitoring |
