Stat 114 Chap 1

Front 1

Statistics came from Latin word _________ meaning _________

Back 1

Status - state

Front 2

[Original Definition]

It is a science dealing with data about the condition of the community or state

Back 2

Statistics

Front 3

A branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data

Back 3

Statistics

Front 4

It is a designed research that provides information needed to solve a research problem

Back 4

Statistical Inquiry

Front 5

Stages of Statistical Inquiry

Back 5

1) Identify the problem

2) Plan the study

3) Collect the data

4) Explore the data

5) Analyze data and Interpret results

6) Present the result

Front 6

This refers to a collection of all elements under consideration in a statistical inquiry

Back 6

Population

Front 7

Subset of population

Back 7

Sample

Front 8

Characteristic or attribute of the elements in a collection that can assume different values for the different elements

Back 8

Variable

Front 9

The realized value of a variable

Back 9

Observation

Front 10

Collection of observations

Back 10

Data

Front 11

A summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the population

Back 11

Parameter

Front 12

A summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the sample

Back 12

Statistic

Front 13

A single numeric figure that describes a particular feature of the whole collection

Back 13

SUMMARY MEASURE

Front 14

The quotient we obtained when we divide the magnitude of a part by the magnitude of a whole

Back 14

PROPORTION

Front 15

Notation for sample proportion

Back 15

P-hat

Front 16

A field of statistics that is concerned in the procedures and techniques used in COIAP of data

Back 16

APPLIED STATISTICS

Front 17

A field of statistics that aims to properly implement and select the most appropriate statistical methods

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APPLIED STATISTICS

Front 18

A field of statistics that is concerned in the development of mathematical foundations of methods used in Applied Statistics

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MATHEMATICAL/THEORETICAL STATISTICS

Front 19

This field of statistics aims to understand the rationale behind the statistical methods and to establish new theories

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MATHEMATICAL/THEORETICAL STATISTICS

Front 20

Area of interest of Applied Statistics that aims to summarize and describe the features of data

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Front 21

An area of interest of Applied Statistics that aims to come up with generalizations or inferences about the population using the information from the sample

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INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Front 22

An area of interest of Applied Statistics that includes all techniques used in organizing, summarizing, and presenting data

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Front 23

Area of interest of Applied Statistics that may use of both elements of population data and sample data

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Front 24

An area of interest of Applied Statistics that includes all techniques used in analyzing sample data that will lead to generalizations about the population where the sample came from

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INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Front 25

It is important to study _____ _____ in order to understand the errors that we commit in inferential statistics

Back 25

PROBABILITY THEORY

Front 26

Refers to the use of data collected over time in order to project future values

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FORECASTING

Front 27

This refers to data gathered over a period of time

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TIME SERIES DATA

Front 28

In Statistical Inquiry, we arrive to answers to research problems through __________ __________ of data collected

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OBJECTIVE EXAMINATION

Front 29

In Statistical Inquiry we follow an __________ and __________ process of collecting and anayzing data

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ORGANIZE

SYSTEMATIC

Front 30

A step in Statistical Inquiry where the research problem is clearly stated

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IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

Front 31

A step in Statistical Inquiry that is considered as the heart of the whole research process

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IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

Front 32

A step in Statistical Inquiry that serves as the basis of all the actions that the researcher will take throughout the study

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IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

Front 33

True or False

A detailed view of literature is already necessary in identifying the problem in a statistical inquiry

Back 33

TRUE

Front 34

True or False

It is not necessary to understand all relevant studies done in the past in identifying the problem

Back 34

False

Front 35

Why is it necessary to understand all relevant studies done in the past in the first step of Statistical Inquiry?

Back 35

To avoid duplications and to prevents committing the same errors

Front 36

The first step of Statistical Inquiry provides additional insight on the ________ pf pursuing the problem

Back 36

FEASIBILITY

Front 37

True or False

In the first step of Statistical Inquiry, it is necessary to discuss about the chapter 1

Back 37

True

Front 38

TRUE OR FALSE

Statement of the problem cannot be in a form of questions

Back 38

False

Front 39

This is one way of further refining the SOP in the step one of STATINQ

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FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

Front 40

This refers to an educated guess by the researches

Back 40

HYPOTHESIS

Front 41

This refers to the possible answer to research problem based on the RRL, own experience, and previous observations.

Back 41

HYPOTHESIS

Front 42

What step of STATINQ do we list down all specific objectives or specific information needed to answer the stated problem?

Back 42

IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

Front 43

[Under Step 2 of STATINQ]

What are the two things that the researcher should take in consideration in coming up with a plan?

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STATED RESEARCH PROBLEM

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Front 44

It is the output in Step 2 of STATINQ

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RESEARCH DESIGN

Front 45

Refers to the detailed discussion of the methods and strategies for data collection and analysis that will be used to meet the specific objectives

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RESEARCH DESIGN

Front 46

Two characteristics of an effective research design

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SIMPLE

COST-EFFICIENT

Front 47

A step in STATINQ where the investigator carry out the plans specified in the research design on data collection

Back 47

STEP 3: COLLECT THE DATA

Front 48

Prior to the data analysis, one must ________ and understand the essential features of their data [Step 4]

Back 48

Explore

Front 49

This step will reveal if the data exhibit any peculiarities that will create problem in the analysis

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STEP 4: EXPLORE THE DATA

Front 50

Organizing data and constructing a frequency distribution falls under what step in STATINQ

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STEP 4: EXPLORE THE DATA

Front 51

A step in STATINQ where the researcher carry out the plans specified in the research design in data analysis

Back 51

STEP 5: ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS

Front 52

A step in STATINQ which involves examination of results and checking if the objectives are met

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STEP 5: ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS

Front 53

A step in STATINQ where the research problem must be able to answer

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STEP 5: ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS

Front 54

A step in STATINQ where the researcher must give recommendations on how the study can be useful in decision-making

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STEP 5: ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS

Front 55

A step in STATINQ where the research must be able to double check the results that contradict existing theory

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STEP 5: ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE RESULTS

Front 56

Presentation of results must be in a _______ and _______ manner

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CLEAR

CONCISE

Front 57

One way of presenting the results in a paragraph form

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TEXTUAL PRESENTATION

Front 58

One way of presenting the results wherein the figures are in rows and columns

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TABULAR PRESENTATION

Front 59

One way of presenting the results which involves placing data in graphic form to help readers visualize the features of data

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GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

Front 60

This refers to units whose characteristics will be observed and measured by the researcher in order to answer the research problem

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ELEMENTS

Front 61

This refers to processed data

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INFORMATION

Front 62

Getting the sum of all the observations will giver you the _____________ ___________

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POPULATION TOTAL

Front 63

Refers to the distance between the data in percentage point

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ABSOLUTE DITANCE

Front 64

[Objective of Statistical Inquiry]

1) ______________ the characteristic of the elements through estimation of the parameter

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DESCRIBE

Front 65

[Objectives of STATINQ]

2) _____________ the characteristics of the elements through contract of their respective summary measures

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COMPARE

Front 66

[Objectives of STATINQ]

3) __________ an assertion about a particular characteristic

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JUSTIFY

Front 67

[Objectives of STATINQ]

4) Determine the nature and strength of _____________ among different variables

Back 67

RELATIONSHIPS

Front 68

[Objectives of STATINQ]

5) __________ different groups of inter-related variables under study

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IDENTIFY

Front 69

[Objectives in STATINQ]

6) __________ the natural groupings of the elements based on the values of set of variables

Back 69

REVEAL

Front 70

[Objectives of STATINQ]

7) Determine the __________ of one or more variables to the response variable

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EFFECTS

Front 71

[Objectives of STATINQ]

8) __________ patterns and trends in the values of a variable over time of space

Back 71

CLARIFY

Front 72

[Objectives of STATINQ]

9) __________ the value of the variable upon its relationship with another o s

Back 72

PREDICT

Front 73

[Objectives of STATINQ]

10) ________ future values of variables

Back 73

FORECASTS