Sociology Unit 1

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Micro analysis

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studies face to face and small group interactions to understand how those interactions affect the larger patterns and institutions of society.

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macro analysis

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studies large scale social structures to determine how they affect groups and individuals

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quantatative analysis

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translates social world into numbers and tries to find cause and effect relationships.

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qualitative analysis

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works with nonnumerical data and tries to understand how people make sense of the world

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socoiological imagination

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quality of the mind that allows us to understand relationships between our situation in life and whats happening at the social level

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who coined the term sociology?

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august comte

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who legitmized sociology as a field of study with his famous work Suicide?

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emile durkheim

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latent function

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less obvious, unintended functions of social structure

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manifest function

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more obvious, intended functions

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functionalism

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paradigm that begins with the assumption that society is unified that functions because of the contributions of its seperate parts

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functionalism focus

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social structures, social order, macro level

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Functionalism tenets

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-system of interrelated parts in which no part can be understiin in isolation from the whole
-a change in any part can lead to changes in other parts of the system
-maintanence and restoration of equilibrium is acheived by shared values

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conflict theory

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paradigm that seens social conflict as the basis of society and social change and emphasizes a meterialist view of society, a critical view of status quo, and a dynamic model of historical change

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who was the father of conflict theory?

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karl marx

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conflict theory focus

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social structure, power, inequality, macro level

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conflict theory tenets

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-contrasts dominant positions with subordiante positions
-ever society at every point is subject to processes of change
-many societal elements contribute to disintegration, not stability
-whatever order does exists stems from coercion of some members at the top

-emphasizes role of power and maintaing order in society

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what did marx argue was the most important factor in social life?

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a person's relationship to the means of production

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symbolic interaction

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paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but are created through interaction

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symbolic interaction focus

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meaning, social construction, micro level

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symbolic interaction tenets

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-examines role of individual during interaction process
-people act toward things on the basis these things have for them (trees, chairs, friends)
-meaning of such things arises out of social interaction that one has with other people
-these meanings are modified through an interpretive process used by the person in dealing with whatever is encountered

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karl marx is a ?

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functionalist

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george mead is a ?

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symbolic interactionist

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who created the model development of self?

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george herbert mead

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model of development of self

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prepatory stage, play stage, and the game stage

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postmodernism

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a paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluarlistic, and constantly in flux

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postmodernism focus

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nature of reality, individual meaning, both micro and macro levels

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postmodernism tenets

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-no fixed entities or communities
-social life is not objective reality but nothing more or less than how we think about it
-reject enlightenment
-critiques sociology as a science
-cultural symbols and media have changed reality of social organization
-no reality, no right or wrong, its whatever you make of it
-everything in society is just jumbled up

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jean baudrillard is a ?

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postmodernist

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jean baudrillard suggested...

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-media dominates contemporary society
-signs represent things that are drained of their meaning, which we think are more important than the "real"
-society has lost tough with reality becuase we are hooked on simulated reality because its more comforable (hyperreality)
-society is dead

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4 aspects of feminist theory

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gender differences, gender inequality, gender opression, and structural opression

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division labor in society

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presented that social bonds were present in all types of societies but that different types of societies created different bonds' emilie durkheim

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economy and society

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max weber

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society in america

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critical of american leadership and cultire; harriet martineau

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a social physics and introduction to psoitive philosophy

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aguste comte

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talcot parsons was a ?

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functionalist

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hull house maps and papers

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jane adams

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briefly discuss Camille Paglia

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-criticized as the antifeminist feminist
-controvesial viewpoint of real rape and date rape

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independent variable

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cause or influence other variables

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dependent variable

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action depends on influence

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queer theory

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a paradigm that proposes that cetergories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no sexual catergory is fundamentally deviant or normal

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standford prison experiment

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philip zimbardo

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institutional review board

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a group of scholars within a university who meet regularly to review and apporive the research proposals of their colleagues and make reccomendations

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scientific method

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procedure for aquiring knowledge that empahsizes collecting concrete data thorugh observation and experiment

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intervening variables

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a thrid vairable, sometimes overlooked that explains the realtionship between 2 other variables

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spurious correlation and example

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the appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable; as ice cream sales increase so do rates of violent crime

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operational definition

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clear precise definiteion of a variable that facilitates its measurement

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enthnography

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naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities; written work that results from the study

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lab experiments

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advantages: control/precision, new ideas, cause and effect, conveinence
disadvantages: artificial, subject selection, hawthorne effect

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simulations

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advantages: if subject involved it may work, more ethical, permitts investigation of phenomenon hard to test in real world
disadvantages: subjests may do what they think they might do, experimental demand, evaluation apprehension

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field studies

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advantages: realism, provides info of behavior,
disadvantages:lack of control, time and money, lack replication

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interviews

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advantages: very specific topic, reseracher can clarify responses,
disadvantages:interviewer bias, time and money, honest answers

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surveys

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advantages:generalizablility, less time and money, very specific, anonymity
disadvantages:accuracy may not be consistent, less control, bias

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existing sources

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advantages:test over wide range of time and societies, wide range of sources
disadvantages: difficulty locating info needed for hypotheses