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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Writing should have: |
➔ unity and logical arrangement of ideas ➔ appropriateness of language use ➔ proper grammar ➔ punctuation ➔ spelling and format |
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4 Properties of Well-written text |
1. Organization 2. Cohesion and Coherence 3. Appropriate Language 4. Proper Mechanics |
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arrangements of ideas in text |
Organization |
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provides format in which ideas can be arranged in hierarchy |
Outline |
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4 types of organization |
1. parallelism 2. coordination 3. subordination 4. division |
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headings of the same level are of the same kind |
Parallelism |
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headings of the same level are the same rank |
Coordination |
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information moves from general to specific by indenting from left toright |
Subordination |
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each heading must have atleast two subheadings in order to be divided |
Division |
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connection of ideas and connection between sentences and between paragraphs |
Coherence and Cohesion |
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transition or linking words |
Cohesive Device |
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connection and organization of ideas in a text to create unity. Unified and directed by a topic sentence |
Coherence |
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focuses on the overall (macro) structure of the essay, is more specific. Attention to links between words and sentences |
Cohesion |
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acceptable style of language for a particular form of a text |
Appropriate Language |
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must be concise and formal |
for business correspondence |
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style may be less formal and more creative |
for literature |
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Effective language can be characterized as(CCPCA): |
● Concrete and specific,not vague and abstract ●Concise, not verbose ●Precise and clear, not obscure ●Constructive, not destructive ●Appropriately formal, not slang |
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essential in all types of writing because it describes the technical aspects of writing |
Proper Mechanics |
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Conventions of Writing (NACCAPS): |
➔Numerals ➔Abbreviations ➔Capitalization ➔Contractions ➔Acronyms ➔Punctuation ➔Spelling |
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Patterns of Development (NDDCCCP): |
1. Narration 2. Description 3. Definition 4. Classification and Exemplification 5. Comparison and Contrast 6. Cause and Effect 7. Problem-Solution |
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examine how writers organize ideas and understanding why they wrote the text helps determine its central idea. |
Pattern of Development |
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used to tell a story or focus on aset of related events; concrete and specific detail. |
Narration |
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Components of Narrative Text (LWT) |
1. Logical Actions 2. Way of Narration 3. Terminologies |
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the very movements within the plot or the narrative that drive the characters forward. |
Logical Actions |
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how the writer presents the story; includes the pace by which scenes are given out. |
Way of Narration |
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places emphasis on the fact that concepts are critical to the narration. |
Terminologies |
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has physical manifestation in our world |
Concrete Terms |
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ideas or concepts that are intangible |
Abstract terms |
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commonly used to denote groups |
General Terms |
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an individual component of the group |
Specific Terms |
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goes into details about a specific object, person, or location, in order to firmly set its appearance |
Description |
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looks into factual and scientific characteristics of what isbeing described as objectively as possible |
Objective Description |
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normally used to"paint a picture” of how he sees acharacter, or how he wants the reader to see a character |
Subjective Description |
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provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and explain special meanings for familiar words |
Definition |
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Methods of Definition |
➔By stating its characteristics ➔By function ➔By what it is not ➔By Examples ➔By origin of word etymology ➔By its eff ect |
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Varieties of Definition |
Scientific/Objective Definition Subjective Definition |
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definesconcepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real world facts |
Scientific / Objective Definition |
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defines the objects in a more personal way; usually derived from the author’s own experiences and opinion |
Subjective Definition |
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organizes ideas into divisions based on criteria or standards |
Classification |
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➔Signal words: another, classified as, one kind, the last group, another kind, final type |
Classification |
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the writer develops a general statement; the topic sentence, with one or more examples to support it. |
Exemplification |
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➔ Signal words – for instance, namely, that is, as an example, in other words, put another way, to be specific, consider the following, specifically |
Exemplification |
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to illustrate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects. |
Comparison and Contrast |
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Ways to organize comparison/contrast: |
-block method -point-by-point |
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one item first followed by the second item |
Block Method |
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discussing both items based on each point of comparison |
Point-by-point |
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explains why something happens or what results a particular event produces |
Cause and Effect |
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usually discusses several aspects of the problem, then concludes by discussing solutions to the problem. |
Problem-Solution |
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The problem may be addressed in the followingways (ECE): |
1. Effects only 2. Cause and Effects 3. Extended example |
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Describe the problem only in terms of its effects. |
effects only |
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Outline the causes of the problem. Discuss solutions in terms of preventive measures |
Cause and Effects |
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Illustrate the problemby using an extended example (through a story or an anecdote from your introduction). |
Extended example |
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convinces readers to agree to a nargument or claim about a particular topic |
Persuasion |
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➔First, state the issue ➔Followed by a clear, strong and specificargument ➔Conclusion |
Development of Persuasive Text |
