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52 Cards in this Set
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Osteochondrosis
Osteochondritis Dissecans |
• Usually around 6-9 months old
• Large breed, rapidly growing dogs • Often BILATERAL • Most common in caudal humeral head • Also femoral condyle, talus |
• Flattening or concave defect of articular bone surface, surrounding sclerosis
• Adjacent mineral body in joint (OCD)- osteochondral fragment |
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Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
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• #1 in young, large breed forelimb
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• Cranial margin of ulna indistinct close to the joint space
• Osteophytes • May see fragment • May see osteochondrosis of humeral condyle o Concave defect o Sclerosis of bone adjacent to ulnar notch |
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Ununited Anconeal Process
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• Should be united by 6 months
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• See broken process
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Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
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• Adolescent toy and small breed dogs
• Damaged blood supply to femoral head causes bone necrosis • Usually unilateral, can be bilateral |
• Small, misshapen
• Heterogenous opacity- necrosis and remodeling • May have mineralized chip- “joint mouse” |
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Canine Panosteitis
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• Large breed, especially German Shepherds and Basset Hounds
• Long bones, usually big ones |
• Circumscribed areas of increased opacity in diaphyseal medullary cavity
• Often near nutrient foramen; progresses from around this area • Smooth new periosteal bone |
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Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)
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• Systemic disease
• Large and giant breeds • Onset around 4 months old • Self-limiting; no specific Tx • Good examples: distal radius and ulna • Almost always BILATERAL |
• Hallmark sign: transverse radiolucent lines in metaphysis
• Metaphysis flaring or irregular new bone • Periosteum lifting off of bone- probably necrosis and pus underneath • When chronic- harder to see lines, heal on own, just hope no limb angular deformities |
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Craniomandibular Osteopathy
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• Terriers, bulldogs
• 3-8 months old • Heritable component • Self-limiting, ends at maturity • Painful, disfiguring |
• Irregular osseous proliferation on mandible, TMJ, bullae, occasionally calvarium
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Hyperparathyroidism/ Metabolic Bone Disease
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• Typically primary- adenoma of parathyroid gland in old dogs
• Can be nutritional or renal |
• Generalized increase in bone opacity
• Thin bone cortices • Loss of lamina dura around teeth roots • Pathologic fractures • Spinal deformities |
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OC/OCD
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failure of endochondral ossification
-articular cartilage and subchondral bone |
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Osteochondrosis
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flattening/defect and subchondral lucency
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OCD caudal humeral head
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flattening and thin fragment
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OCD caudal humeral head
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flattening and thin fragment
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OC Caudal humeral head
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subchondral lucency
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OC Femoral Condyle
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Flattening of condyle
subchondral lucency |
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OC femoral condyle
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subchondral defect with ovoid fragment
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OCD talus
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medial trochlear ridge
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OCD talus
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widening jt space
fragment |
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OCD talus
______ view |
flexed DorsoPalmar View
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Developmental condition caused by joint incongruity and/or osteochondrosis
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elbow dysplasia
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elbow dysplasia
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one or more of
ununited anconeal process fragmented medial coronoid process OCD of medial aspect of humeral condyle |
results in early OA/DJD
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Elbow dysplasia
____ view |
flexed lateral view
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CT -
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Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
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fragmented medial coronoid process
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fragmented medial coronoid process
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FMCP + Osteochondrosis of Humeral Condyle
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FMCP + Osteochondrosis of Humeral Condyle
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sclerosis of ulnar notch
OC of distal humerus small triangular fragment cranial margin of coronoid process |
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osteochondrosis of humeral condyle
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coronoid process disease
"lazy" oblique |
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ununited anconeal process
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united by 6 months
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ununited anconeal process
view: |
flexed lateral projection
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ununited anconeal process
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Orthopedic foundation for animals
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flexed lateral view >24 months
Grade I Grade II Grade III |
Grade I: <3 mm
Grade II: 3-5 mm Grade III: >5 mm |
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Avascular Necrosis
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avascular necrosis
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avascular necrosis
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jt space too wide
femoral head small and misshapen chronic, femoral head gone from necrosis |
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canine panosteitis
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canine panosteitis
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progress to diffuse medullary increased opacity
subtle smoothly marginated periosteal rxn |
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canine panosteitis
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diffuse medullary increased opacity
smooth new periosteal bone |
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canine panosteitis
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hard to distinguish cortex from medullary cavity
trx with nsaids can be any long bones (tibia femur radius ulna humerus) |
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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transverse radiolucent lines in metaphysis (double physis sign)
metaphyseal flaring or irregular new bone very painful |
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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between periosteum and bone
inflammatory response purulent exudate |
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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chronically affected
**metaphyseal osteolysis **both legs |
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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craniomadibular osteopathy
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irregular osseous proliferation on mandible, TMJ, bullae
occasionally calvarium smooth margins |
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craniomandibular osteopathy
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proliferative new bone, formation on tympanic bulla
difficulty eating and opening mouth painful |
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craniomandibular osteopathy
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mandible proliferation
disfiguring, painful to pressure ddx: bone tumor |
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Hyperparathyroidism/ Metabolic Bone Disease
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most common
farily common in old dogs with hypercalcemia -PU/PD, muscle weakness, lethargic |
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hyperparathyroidism
absence of lamina dura opacity like soft tissue = demineralization |
normal lamina dura
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hyperparathyroidism
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hyperparathyroidism
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hyperparathyroidism
thin bone cortices decreased bone opacity |
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