Pta Exam 2

Front 1

Parietal lobe

Back 1

Sensation of touch

Vibration, Temperature

Spatial and visual preception

Interprets lenquage, receives information about hearing, vision, motor, sensory, memory

AGNOSIA, AGRAPHIA, ALEXIA, APROXIA

Front 2

Color of matter in the brain

Back 2

Gray - outside

White - inside

Front 3

Hippocampus

Back 3

Temporal lobe, memory, sends memories to cerebral hemisphere for storage, and RETRIEVES MEMORIES when needed

Front 4

Basal ganglia

Back 4

Part of the Cerebrum

Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Tourett’s syndromes, ADD, OCD, Addictions

Front 5

Amyglada, Almond shaped

Back 5

Emotional and Social processing.

Fear, pleasure, arousal, processing of memory, formation of emotional memories.

Front 6

Thalamus

Back 6

It receives information from the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and all sensory pathways except for the olfactory tract, it goes to cerebral cortex.

Damage - thalamic pain syndrome,contralateral side.

Front 7

Hypothalamus

Back 7

Autonomic NC, hormone regulation.

Temperature, hunger, sex, sleeping

Front 8

Epithalamus

Back 8

Pineal gland, secrets melatonin, circadian rythms

Front 9

Subthalamus

Back 9

Located between thalamus and hypothalamus. Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscles. Associated with Basal ganglia, Substantia niagra

Front 10

Midbrain

Back 10

Connects forebrain to the hindbrain.

Reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

Coordination, balance , posture.

Located below the occipital lobe.

Damage produce ipsilateral impairment.

Front 12

Ponds

Back 12

Respiratory rate, orientation of the head, cranial nerves 5 through 8

Front 13

Medulla oblongata ( myelencephalon)

Back 13

Respiration/ Heart rate

Vomiting, coughing, sneezing.

Damage producing contralateral impairment

Cranial nerves 8 to 12

Front 14

Brainstem

Back 14

Midbrain, ponds, medulla.

Primitive function.

Damage- brain death

Front 15

Anterior Cerebral artery

Back 15

Bilateral oclusion -produce paraplegia, incontinence

Front 16

Middle cerebral artery

Back 16

Bilateral occlusion - produce contralateral hemiplegia and sensory impairment.

Global, Wernicke’s, Broca’s aphasia

Front 17

Posterior cerebral artery

Back 17

Occlusion will produce: thalamic pain syndrome, cortical blindness. Pupil continues to function regarding light.

Front 18

Vertebral- Basilar artery

Back 18

Damage can cause: locked in syndrome, coma or vegetative state.

Front 19

Dysarthria

Back 19

Slurred speech due to the motor deficit of the tongue or essential speech muscles.

Front 20

Femoral nerve innervation?

Back 20

Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedios

Rectus femoris

Iliacus

Sartoreus

Pectineus

Front 21

Dysdiadochokinesia

Back 21

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Example: pronation, supination

Front 22

Hemorrhagic stroke symptoms?

Back 22

A sudden severe headache, vomiting, high blood pressure.

It’s a rapture of the blood vessel, and leaking of the blood into the brain.

Front 23

Glasgow Coma Scale

Back 23

Minimum 3, Maximum 15

8 or less correlated with COMA

9 - 12 moderate brain injury

13 - 15 mild brain injury

Front 24

Deep tendón reflex testing

Back 24

0 - no reflex

2+ normal response

4+ hyperactive reflex response, abnormal

Front 25

Primary risk factor for CVA?

Back 25

Heart disease

Front 26

The buttocks, posterior thigh, and posterior lower extremity associated with which dermatome?

Back 26

S2 - medial aspect

S1 - lateral aspect ( little piggy)

Front 27

Achilles’ tendon reflex associated with which nerve root?

Back 27

S1 and S2

Front 28

Which structure responsible for production of cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 28

Choroid plexus

Front 29

Which lobe of the brain receives auditory, motor, sensory, visual and memory information which is processed to provide meaning to the objects.

Back 29

Parietal

Front 30

Trendelenburg gait

Back 30

A gate pattern that denotes gluteus medius weakness, excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg.

Front 31

Gluteus medius

Back 31

Superior gluteal nerve L4 - S1

Abduction

Hip stability

Ant/ internal

Post/ external rotation of the hip.

Front 32

Positional changes detected by inner ear stimulating which primitive reflex?

Back 32

Tonic labyrinthine reflex

Front 33

Tabetic gait

Back 33

A high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground

Front 34

Locked - in syndrome

Back 34

a medical condition, usually resulting from a stroke that damages part of the brainstem, in which the body and most of the facial muscles are paralyzed but consciousness remains and the ability to perform certain eye movements is preserved.

Front 35

Fasciculations

Back 35

Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscle fibers which are visible under the skin. Fasciculations are more common with the LMN disorders, and are topically absent in UMÑ disorders.

Front 36

Kernig’s sign

Back 36

Meningitis

Pain with hip flexion combine with knee extention

Hint 36

Pain with hip flexion combine with knee extention

Front 37

Spinocerebellar tract ( dorsal)

Back 37

Ipsilateral subconscious proprioception, tension in the muscles, joint sense, posture and trunk and LOWER extremities

Front 38

Brostorm-Evans prosedure

Back 38

There are two common variations of Brostrom procedures: The Brostrom-Evans or the Brostrom-Gould procedure. Each procedure seeks to repair or recreate the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) to restore ankle stability.

Front 39

What muscle used for Brostorm- Evans prosedure?

Back 39

Peroneus Brevís

Superficial Peroneal nerve L4-S1

Plantar flexion, eversión

Front 40

Spinocerebellar tract ( ventral )

Back 40

Ipsilateral subconscious proprioception, tensión in the muscles,joint sense, posture of the trunk, UEs and LEs.

Crossing and subsequent recrossing at the level of the ponds for subconscious proprioception.

Front 41

Spinocerebellar- olivary tract

Back 41

Ascends to cerebellum and relays information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs

Front 42

Spinoreticular tract

Back 42

Afferent pathway for the reticular formation that influences level of consciousness

Front 43

1.Spinotectal tract ( Ascending )

2. Tectospinal tract ( Descending )

Back 43

1. Providing afferent information for spinovisual reflexes and assist with movement of eyes and head toward the stimulus.

2. Extrapyramidal motor tract responsible for CONTRALATERAL postural muscle tone, associated with auditory/ visual stimuli.

Front 44

Spinothalamic tract ( anterior )

Back 44

Sensory tract to light touch and pressure.

Decussates

Front 45

Spinothalamic tract ( lateral )

Back 45

Sensory tract for pain and temperature sensation

Front 46

Spinothalamic tract ( lateral )

Back 46

Sensory tract for pain and temperature sensation

Decussates

Front 47

Corticospinal tract ( anterior )

Back 47

Piramidal motor tract responsible for ipsilateral voluntary, discrete ( благоразумный ), and skilled movements.

Front 48

Corticospinal tract ( anterior )

Back 48

Piramidal motor tract responsible for ipsilateral voluntary, discrete ( благоразумный ), and skilled movements.

Front 49

Corticospinal tract ( lateral )

Back 49

Pyramidal motor tract responcible for CONTRALATERAL voluntary movement

Front 50

Result of damage to Corticospinal tract?

Back 50

1.Babinski sign

2.Absent superficial abdominal reflexes

3. Cremasteric reflex

Front 51

Pyramidal tracts vs Extrapyramidal tracts

Back 51

The pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (anterior (ventral) horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers on the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior (ventral) horn area.

Front 52

Brudzinski sign

Back 52

Flexion of the neck facilitates flexion of the hips and knees

Meningitis

Front 53

Arnold- Chiari malformation?

How many kinds?

Back 53

Developmental deformity of the hindbrain( Cerebellum, Ponds)

Type 1: herniation of cerebellum tonsils, no symptoms

Type 2: malformation of the brain stem and cerebellum, leading to the extension of medulla and cerebellum through the foramen magnum, produces progressive HYDROCEPHALUS.

Front 54

Subarachnoid space

Back 54

The area between the arachnoid and Pía mater that contains CSF and circulatory system for the cerebral cortex

Front 55

Burnnstrom Synergy Patterns

Lower Extremity Flexion

Inversión only one common thing with LEE

Back 55

Hip flexion, ABD, external rotation

Knee flexion to approximately 90 degrees

Ankle dorsi flexion, inversion

Toe extention

Front 56

Burnnstorm Synergy Patterns

Upper Extremity Flexion

For UEE, wrist and finger flexion the same

Back 56

Scapular retraction and/ or elevation

Shoulder external rotation, ABD to 90 degrees

Elbow flexion

Forearm supination

Wrist and finger flexion

Front 57

What are the most coming sites of non- operative osteoporotic fracture ?

Back 57

Distal radius, proximal femur, vertebral body

Tibial plateau is NOT common site.

Front 58

Contralateral impairment

Back 58

Thalamus

Medulla Oblongata (myencephalon )

Front 59

Brown-Sequard syndrom

Back 59

Incomplete SC injury, stab wound.

Same side: paralysis, vibration, position sense ( corticospinal, dorsal column)

Contralateral side: temperature, pain ( lateral spinothalamic tract )

Front 60

Muscles innervated by

TIBIAL NERVE

Back 60

Soléis

Popliteus

Plantaris

Tibialis posterior

Gastrocnemius

Flexor hallucus Longus

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Front 61

Sensory receptors

Back 61

Epidermis

Pain, itch

Front 62

Sensory receptors

Back 62

Epidermis

Pain, itch

Dermis- just pain

Front 63

Sensory Receptors

Markel’s disk

Back 63

Stratum spinous

Touch

Front 64

Sensory Receptors

Meissner’s Corpuscle

Back 64

Papillary dermis

Touch

Front 65

Sensory receptors

Ruffin isn’t corpuscle

Back 65

Papillary dermis

Wormth

Front 66

Sensory receptors

Ruffini’s corpuscle

Back 66

Papillary dermis

Wormth

Front 67

Sensory Receptors

Krause’s end bulb

Back 67

Papillary dermis

Cold

Front 68

Sensory Receptors

Pacinian corpucle

Back 68

Reticular dermis

Pressure and vibration

Front 69

Saltatory conduction

Back 69

Decreases the use of sodium-potassium pumps and increases speed of conduction

Front 70

Afferent ( sensory) cranial nerves

Back 70

Olfactory

Optic

Vestibulocochlea ( acoustic nerve)

Front 71

Afferent/ Efferent Cranial nerves

Back 71

Trigéminas

Facial

Glosopharyngeal

Vagus

Front 72

Q angle

Back 72

Measured in supine

Mail 13 degrees

Femail 18 degrees

Front 73

Yerganson’s test

Back 73

For Bicipital tendinitis

Therapist resists active forearm supination and shoulder lateral rotation while palpating bicipital groove.

Positive: pain in the bicipital groove

Front 74

Lateral epicondylitis test

Back 74

Extensor Capri Radialis Longus and Brevis

Test: Elbow flexed, forearm pronates, wrist flexed.

Therapist stabilizes the elbow with one hand, and and resist active extension of the third digit with other hand ( proximal interphalangial joint.

Front 75

What kind of damage to the extrapyramidal tracts results in?

Back 75

Significant parálisis

Hypertonicity

Exaggerated DTR

Clasp-knife reaction

Front 76

Types of sensation

1. Superficial

2. Deep

3. Cortical

Back 76

1. Temperature, pain, light touch

2. Proprioseption, kinesthesia, vibration

3. Barognosis, Stereognosis, two-point discrimination, localization of touch, bilateral silmuntaneous stimulation

Front 77

What is weight bearing status for patient one week post op. with lateral ankle reconstruction?

Back 77

Non-weight bearing with bilateral axillary crutches.

Front 78

Idiopathic

Back 78

relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.

Front 79

Idiopathic osteoporosis

Back 79

Idiopathic osteoporosis refers to the development of osteopenia and fractures with minimal or no trauma in otherwise young, healthy individuals who are not postmenopausal or have other, identifiable secondary causes of osteoporosis.

Front 80

Perception

Back 80

Ощущение

Front 81

What is bucal administration of the drug?

Back 81

Drug is placed between cheeks and gums ( absorbs through the oral mucosa).

Front 82

Is walking backwards on the treadmill open- chain exercise?

Back 82

No, it’s closed-chain exercise

Front 83

R side of the heart

Back 83

Tricuspid

Pulmonary valves

Front 84

L side of the heart

Back 84

Mitral

Aortic valves

Front 85

regurgitation

Back 85

the action of bringing swallowed food up again to the mouth.

Front 86

Регургитация

Back 86

Регургита́ция — быстрое движение жидкостей или газов в направлении, противоположном нормальному, возникшее в полом мышечном органе в результате сокращения его стенки. Наиболее частой причиной регургитации (в ЖКТ)... Читать ещё

Front 87

What is positive test for Clarke’s sign ?

Back 87

Patellofemoral dysfunction. The examiner presses down on the patella and asks PT to contract quadriceps. Positive test is pain or inability to hold the contraction.

Front 88

What STROKE STANDING TEST used for?

Back 88

To identify SPONDYlOLISTHESIS.

Single-leg hyperextension.

Hint 88

Front 89

Waddell’s Signs

Back 89

Test which help asses whether a patient is faking back pain

(malingering back pain, придуманная боль)

Front 90

Burns’ test

Back 90

Test for differentiating between organic and non-organic pain.

Patient requires to kneel, bend over the chair and touch the floor. (malingering back pain)

Front 91

Hoover’s test

Back 91

Patient puts heel pressure one at the time, on the PTA’s hands while supine. (malingering back pain)

Front 92

Symptom magnification syndrome, also known as MALINGERING.

Back 92

Non- organic pain (брехня)

Waddell’s sign

Hoover’s test

Burn’s test

Front 93

Phonophoresis

Back 93

Ultrasound which helps with absorption of medication.

Front 94

What is loos-packed position for tibiofemoral joint?

Back 94

25 degrees of flexion

Front 95

What is loose-packed position for hip joint?

Back 95

30 degrees flexion

30 degrees ABD

Slight external rotation

Front 96

What is loos-packed position for talocrural joint?

Back 96

10 degrees of plantar flexion

Front 97

What is loos-packed position of glenohumeral joint?

Back 97

55-70 degrees of ABD

30 degrees of horizontal ABD

0 degree of rotation

Front 98

What parts of the brain ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies?

Back 98

1. Medial part of FRONTAL and PARIETAL lobe.

2. BASAL GANGLIA

3. CORPUS CALOSUM

Front 99

What pt can experience with damage to the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY?

Back 99

1. Contralateral motor and sensory loss, with LEs affected more than UEs.

2. Mental impairment and behavioral changes.

3. Apraxia and slow movement

4. Urinary incontinence.

Front 100

What MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies?

Back 100

Lateral cerebral hemispheres:

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal

Front 101

What pt can experience with the damage to the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARYERY?

Back 101

1. Contralateral motor and sensory loss, with face and UEs affected more than LEs.

2.Perceptual deficits

3. Homónymous hemianopsia

4. Broka’s, Wernicke’s, Global aphasia.

Front 102

What POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies?

Back 102

1. OCCIPITAL lobe

2. Medial and inferior TEMPORAL lobe

3. Thalamus

4. Midbrain

Front 103

What patient can experience with damage to the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY?

Back 103

1. Contralateral motor and sensory loss.

2. Visual AGNOSIA, oculomotor nerve palsy, homonymous hemyanopsia.

3. Involuntary movement

4. Pusher syndrome

5. THALAMIC PAIN SYNDROME

Front 104

What VERTIBROBASILAR ARTERY supplies?

Back 104

Medular

Ponds

Cerebellum

Front 105

What pt can experience with the damage to the VERTIBROBASILAR ARTERY?

Back 105

1. Wide variety of symptoms ipsilaterally and contra-laterally.

2. Can have cranial nerve involvement

3. Ataxia

4. Locked- in syndrome

5. Wallenberg’s syndrome.

Front 106

Dysphagia

Back 106

Difficulty swallowing

Front 107

Wallenberg syndrom

Back 107

Rear condition in which infarction or stroke occurs in the lateral MEDULLA.

Ipsilateral:

Hornets Syndrome, Tinnitus, Palatina- pharyngeal-larengeal paralysis

Contralateral: loss of pain and temperature over the body

Front 108

Capsular end feel for knee

1.Flexion

2.Extension

Back 108

1. Soft ( muscle on fat/ muscle)

2. Firm ( capsular and ligament stretching)

Front 109

Capsular end feel for elbow extension?

Back 109

Bony/ hard ( bone on cartilage)

Front 110

Empty end feel?

Back 110

Usually it occurs when the clinician can not bring limb through the full ROM due to the pain .

Front 111

Plumb line alignment

Back 111

• Posterior to coronal suture

• Through the external auditory meatus

• Through the axis of the odontoid process ( Dens of Axis)

• Midway of shoulder

• Through the bodies of lumbar vertebrae

• Posterior to the hip, anterior to the knee, anterior to the lateral malleolus

• Through the calcaneocuboid joint

Front 112

Metabolic alkalosis

Back 112

Metabolic alkalosis is a condition that occurs when your blood becomes overly alkaline. Alkaline is the opposite of acidic. Our bodies function best when the acidic-alkaline balance of our blood is just slightly tilted toward the alkaline.

Front 113

Heart rate of the new born?

Back 113

70-170bpm

Front 114

Characteristics of COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME?

Back 114

Abnormal release of NOREPINEPHRINE (sympathetic) in peripheral tissues, resulting in pain and increased sensitivity to peripheral stimulation.

Front 115

Integumentary: Red, Yellow, Black system.

Back 115

Red: pink granulation tissue

Goal: Protect wound, maintain moist environment

Yellow: moist, yellow slough

Goal: remove exudate and debris; absorb drainage

Black: black, thick Escher firmly adhered.

Goal: debride necrotic tissue

Front 116

What bony provenances at risk for skin breakdown in a prolonged sitting position?

Back 116

Spines of the scapular

Vertebral spinous processes

Ischial tuberosity

Front 117

Vaulting gait

Back 117

compensatory mechanism used by transfemoral amputees to assist toe clearance during the prosthetic swing phase. It is defined by a plantar flexion of the contralateral ankle during the single-limb support phase.

Front 118

Vaulting

Back 118

A gait pattern where the swing leg advances by compensating through the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance leg.

Front 119

How much oxygen nasal cannula delivers per minute?

Back 119

6 liters per minute

Front 120

Standard seat size of average adult W/C is?

Armrest height?

Back 120

Width 18 inches

Depth 16 inches

Armrest- 9 inches above the seat

Front 121

With GASTROESOPHAGEAL reflux disease, what position is recommended for sleeping?

Back 121

Left sidelying

Front 122

Which of the following respiratory changes is MOST expected as are Doly of aerobic training?

Back 122

Increased diffusion capacity

Front 123

Diffusion capacity?

Back 123

Measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung.

Front 124

Diaphoresis

Back 124

Sweating to the unusual degree

Front 125

Pronator Teres

Back 125

Origin: med epicondyle

Insertion: lateral surface of the radius

Median nerve C6,C7

Front 126

distensibility

Back 126

Растяжение

Front 127

Position for presence of the lateral epicondylitis?

Back 127

Wrist extension, forearm supination.

Front 128

Where wrist flexors originated?

Back 128

Medial Epicondyle

Front 129

Hallux Valgus deformity

Shortening of the FLEXOR HALLUCIS BRAVIS, swellings of MTP joint

Back 129

Hallux valgus deformity is a very common pathological condition which commonly produces painful disability. It is characterised as a combined deformity with a malpositioning of the first metatarsophalangeal joint caused by a lateral deviation of the great toe and a medial deviation of the first metatarsal bone

Hint 129

Front 130

What is the best none invasive action the best beneficial for the HALLUX VALGUS condition?

Back 130

Recommend shoe with a wide toe box.

Front 131

What is heel cup would be appropriate to use for?

Back 131

Bone spur

Front 132

Spinal fusion

Back 132

Used for pain with unstable spinal segment, advanced arthritis or uncontrollable peripheral pain. Bone is harvested from the pt’s body ( iliac crest), and used to fuse two vertebrae together. Screws generally used to immobilize the segment.

Front 133

When LAMINESCOPY usually performed?

Back 133

Disc protrusion, and spinal stenosis.

Front 134

Visual Analog Scale

Back 134

Effective tool to obtain subjective intensity ratings of vertigo, light - headedness, dysequilibrium, and oscillopsia.

10 cm LINE

Front 135

Cauda Equina Lesion, presentation of the injury?

Back 135

Below L1 spinal level.

Usually incomplete, as a resort considered to be a peripheral nerve injury.

Characteristics: flaccidity, areflexia, and impairment of bowel and bladder function.

Front 136

Posterior cord, presentation of the injury?

Back 136

Very rare condition, tumor or vascular infarct to the posterior spinal artery

Loss of proprioception, two-point discrimination, graphesthesia, stereognosis.

MOVEMENT AND PAIN - intact

Wide-based steppage gait

Front 137

Cerebellum gait?

Back 137

Staggering gait patern

Front 138

Double step gait pattern?

Back 138

Alternate steps are of the different length or at the different length

Front 139

Ausculation

Back 139

Listening to the sounds

Front 140

Crackle sound

Synonymous with RALES.

Back 140

1.Discontinued, high-pitch piping sound

2. More often during inspiration

3. Due to the fluid accumulation in the distal airways, or when collapsed alveoli reopens during inspiration

Front 141

Pleural friction rub

Back 141

Crackling sounds with both inspiration and expiration

Front 142

Placement of hands with diaphragmic breathing?

Back 142

Dominant on rectus abdominus, should rais

Non dominant on sternum, should have minimal movement.

Front 143

How long should each position last during the drainage of secretion?

Back 143

3-5 min

Front 144

What is normal hematocrit value for mails and females

Back 144

Males - 40 to 54

Females 37 to 47 mL/dL

Front 145

Inflammatory Pfase

Back 145

1-10 days

Epithelialization begins in 24 hours

Front 146

Proliferation Phase

Back 146

3 to 21 days

Front 147

Avascular layer of the skin?

Back 147

Epidermis

Front 148

Rhonchi sound

Back 148

Low-pitched describes as “snoring” or “gurgling”

Inspiration and expiration

Air passing through the secretion.

Front 149

Wheeze sound

Back 149

Continuous “musical” or whistling sound, but variable

Most frequently expiration, can be inspiration

Commonly associated with ASTHMA and BRONCHITIS

Front 150

Stridor

Back 150

Continuous high-pitched wheeze heard with inspiration or expiration

Front 151

Charcot-Mary-Tooth disease

Back 151

Hereditary disorder, characterized by motor and sensory neuropathy. Progressive mm wasting and diminished deep tendon reflex.

Initially affects dorsi flexors and EVERTORS, resulting in foot drop, STEPPAGE GAIT.

It involves intrinsic mm of the hands, difficulty to grasp things.

Front 152

Guillain-Barre Syndrom

Back 152

Weakness begins distally and progresses proximal. LMN.

BULBAR PALSY is common

Etiology associated with bacterial and viral infections,surgeries, vaccines.

CAMPILOBACTER JEJUNI

Front 153

Bulbar Palcy

Back 153

Cranial nerves 9,10,11,12

LMN, Medullary Oblongata

Speech, swallowing, facial muscles.

Front 154

Huntington’s Disease

Back 154

Genetically transmitted neurological disorder of CNS.

Degeneration of Basal Ganglia and Cerebral Cortex

Ataxic gait, choreoathetoid movement, speech deterioration, unintentional facial expression, mental deterioration is common.

Front 155

Latency

Back 155

The time between onset of a stimulus and peak of the ensuing action potential

Front 156

Tortícolis

Back 156

Condition there head turned to one side. Tortícolis named for the side of the limited lateral flexion